黑河上游灌丛建群种中国沙棘自由授粉子代父本分析和花粉流

利用SSR分子标记对中国沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis Rousi）自由授粉的种子进行父本分析,研究其子代的父本来源和花粉散布模式。结果显示：在80%的置信水平上,193个子代中有104个个体可以确定花粉来源;在20个确定的父本中,16个为中国沙棘,4个为肋果沙棘（H.neurocarpa S.W.Liu et T.N.He）。传粉格局分析结果显示,中国沙棘有效花粉散布范围为3~71 m,平均距离为20.4 m,2株母本分别有87.23%和78.95%的有效花粉来自距其30 m的范围之内,研究结果表明中国沙棘自然种群以近距离传粉为主。此外,在黑河上游沙棘杂交带中,中国沙棘子代中的肋果沙棘花粉平均贡献率达到14.84%,表明中国沙棘与肋果沙棘存在较高的种间当代花粉流。     

Exploring in silico affinity of flavonoids and tannins to human fibroblast growth factorinducible14 (Fn14), a member of TNF receptor super family

The Fn14 and TWEAK are the receptor and ligand respectively and their mutual recognition and binding was reported to induce pathogenesis of cancer and chronic autoimmune diseases. We had identified Fn14 as a novel target of low linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation in mice population. In the present study we generated the novel homology model of human Fn14, optimized its energy and validated for authenticity by checking Ramachandran plot and also by calculating the RMSD. Based on our earlier findings with Hippophae rhamnoides, a group of flavonoids and tannins were screened for their docking potential with Fn14 at the site where its natural ligand TWEAK was binding. The comparative docking analysis showed that the order of docking, from best to least, was Genistein, Rutin, Gallic acid ethyl ester and Quercetin, respectively. The findings predicted the radiomodifying action of flavonoids and tannins. The study has immediate applications in development of non-toxic drugs/ nutraceuticals that may protect human population from harmful effects of radiation in various situations, such as nuclear accidents, occupational exposure, diagnosis or radiotherapy.     

Physiological,biochemical, and proteome profiling reveals key pathways underlying the drought stress responses of Hippophae rhamnoides

The effects of drought on plant growth and development are occurring as a result of climate change and the growing scarcity of water resources. Hippophae rhamnoides has been exploited for soil and water conservation for many years. However, the outstanding drought‐resistance mechanisms possessed by this species remain unclear. The protein, physiological, and biochemical responses to medium and severe drought stresses in H. rhamnoides seedlings are analyzed. Linear decreases in photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and the content of indole acetic acid in roots, as well as a linear increase in the contents of abscisic acid, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and zeatin riboside in leaves are observed as water potential decreased. At the same time, cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and contents of zeatin riboside in roots and indole acetic acid in leaves showed nonconsistent changes. DIGE and MS/MS analysis identified 51 differently expressed protein spots in leaves with functions related to epigenetic modification and PTM in addition to normal metabolism, photosynthesis, signal transduction, antioxidative systems, and responses to stimuli. This study provides new insights into the responses and adaptations in this drought‐resistant species and may benefit future agricultural production.     

沙棘共生固氮根瘤及其内生弗兰克氏菌

用透射电镜研究了中国沙棘（Ｈｉｐｐｏｐｈａｅ ｒｈａｍｎｏｙｄｅｓ Ｌ．）根瘤的超微结构。它的侵梁细胞位于皮层中部,非侵染细胞与之间排列,富含多酚和淀粉粒。在根瘤的发育过程中,具有以下特征：（１）早期侵染细胞中具有核仁联合体;（２）由内生菌丝趋核生长而形成的核膜内陷处,有许多核孔出现;（３）在中期侵染细胞的内生菌丝和泡囊的荚膜附近,有成束的微管存在;（４）在４、５月瘤样的维管束细胞、非侵染细胞及早     

A pharmacological investigation of Hippophae salicifolia (HS) and Hippophae rhamnoides turkestanica (HRT) against multiple stress (C-H-R): an experimental study using rat model

Hippophae salicifolia (HS) and Hippophae rhamnoides turkestanica (HRT) are abundantly found species of Hippophae in Himalayan region of India. As these plants thrive under extreme climatic conditions, it is suspected that these plants must have a unique adaptogenic property against high-altitude stress. To keeping these views in our mind, the present study was planned to evaluate the mechanism of action of aqueous extract of HS and aqueous extract of HRT against multiple stress [cold-hypoxia-restraint (C-H-R)] for their adaptogenic activity. The present study reported the adaptogenic activity of HS in facilitating tolerance to multiple stress, CHR in rats. Pre-treatment with aqueous extract of HS significantly attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation and also showed role in maintaining antioxidant status as similar to control rats. Since protein oxidation was decreased by pre-treatment of HS, protein homeostasis was also sustained by regulation of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP60). Interestingly, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and nitric oxide (NO) level was also increased in HS pre-treated rats depicted its adaptogenic activity against multiple stress, CHR. Conclusively, aqueous extract of HS could use an adaptogen for high altitude-associated multiple stress (CHR).     

Effects of drought on the growth and resource use efficiency of two endemic species in an arid ecotone

Anthropogenic activities and environmental changes have had a significant effect on the fishery ecosystem, biological characteristics, and population dynamics of marine fishes. Overfishing threatens the sustainability of many populations. We evaluated changes in the biological characteristics, distribution, and abundance of Cleisthenes herzensteini using bottom trawl survey data collected from 1985 to 2010 in the central and southern Yellow Sea. The dominant body length of C. herzensteini during spring was 80–160 mm in 1986, 60–160 mm in 1998, and 41–80 mm and 111–170 mm in 2010. During summer, the dominant body length was 80–180 mm and 130–169 mm in 2000 and 2007, respectively. During autumn, the dominant body length was 60–160 mm, 100–180 mm, and 90–149 mm in 1985, 2000, and 2009, respectively. During winter, the dominant body length was 80–200 mm, 120–220 mm, and 100–200 mm in 1985, 1999, and 2010, respectively. The dominant body length decreased gradually from 1985 to 2010 (excluding spring, 2010), illustrating the “miniaturization” of the C. herzensteini population. Growth was significantly different between male and female individuals, with male individuals forming a “smaller-size type”. The sex ratio of C. herzensteini was relatively stable during spring and summer, but significantly different during autumn and winter. The diet of C. herzensteini also changed significantly from 1985 to 2010. During 1985–1986, the diet consisted primarily of Crangon affinis, Eualus sinensis and Gammaridae species. C. affinis, Engraulis japonicus, and Ammodytes personatus were dominant during 1998–2000, whereas C. affinis was the dominant prey species during 2009–2010. Thus, there was a clear decrease in dietary diversity, with a shift to benthos shrimp, particularly C. affinis, which accounted for 82.58% of the total diet (by weight) in 2010. The gastric vacuous rate also decreased in every season and the gonad developmental stage changed with each season. The distribution of C. herzensteini shifted northward and offshore and became more concentrated. The average catch per haul of C. herzensteini decreased in spring and autumn. The average catch per haul ranged from 1.44 kg h^-1 to 0.14 kg h^-1 in spring and the percentage by weight ranged from 6.53% to 1.28%. The average catch per haul ranged from 3.03 kg h^-1 to 0.26 kg h^-1 in autumn and the percentage by weight ranged from 8.00% to 0.60%. The average catch per haul increased significantly during summer, ranging from 0.18 kg h^-1 to 0.58 kg h^-1, with a percentage by weight of 0.03–0.80%. The average catch per haul was relatively stable in winter (around 1.00 kg h^-1), but the percentage by weight gradually increased during 1985–2010. Taken together, our results suggested that the population structure, diet composition, and distribution of C. herzensteini had been altered during the last three decades. To address this, it is essential to initiate measures to conserve the C. herzensteini resource.     

Influence of ambient and enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on the plant growth and physiological properties in two contrasting populations of Hippophae rhamnoides

Two contrasting sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) populations from low and high altitude regions were employed to investigate the effects of prevailing and enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on plant growth and physiological properties under a UV-B-enhanced/exclusion system. The experimental design included three UV-B regimes, including excluded (-UVB), near-ambient (NA) and enhanced UV-B (+UVB) radiation. Compared with the control (-UVB), NA caused the formation of smaller but thicker plant leaves in both sea buckthorn populations, paralleled with significant increments of carotenoids and UV-absorbing compounds as well as improved water economy. NA also induced more biomass partition from shoot to root, but CO(2) assimilation rate (A), photosynthetic area and biomass accumulation were unaffected. The low-altitude population seemed sensitive to +UVB, as indicated by the decreases in total biomass, A and ascorbic acid content (Asa, an antioxidant) compared with NA. However, little +UVB effect occurred on the high-altitude population, and we suggest that the higher tolerance of this population could be associated with its specific morphological and physiological characteristics, such as small but thick leaves and high-level of Asa content, as well as its greater physiological modification in response to NA, e.g., increases in protective compounds (carotenoids and UV-absorbing compounds) and improvement in water economy, in comparison to the low-altitude population, which form an effective adaptation strategy to enhanced UV-B stress.     

沙棘果皮多糖清除氧自由基的活性研究

沙棘(Hippophae rhamnosides)果皮经80℃恒温水浴提取,乙醇沉淀得粗多糖.Sevag法去蛋白,经50%和70%乙醇分级,得3种级分沙棘多糖H1、H2和H3;以Fenton反应,即H2O2/Fe2 /水杨酸为·OH产生和检测体系;以邻苯三酚/EDTA/Tris-HCl为O2-.产生体系,对沙棘多糖H1、H2和H3进行抗氧自由基活性研究.结果表明,沙棘多糖对·OH和O2-.有较显著的清除能力.不同级分多糖H1、H2和H3浓度达200μg·mL-1时,对·OH的清除率分别为44.9%、49.0%和26.4%,抗O2-.活性分别为36.9%,15.4%和23.1%.多糖质量浓度增大时,两种自由基清除率增加,且呈量效关系.     

山西北部地区沙棘群落的数量分类和排序研究

采用双向指示种分析法对山西北部地区沙棘群落进行分类和排序研究,结果将山西北部地区沙棘群落划分为14个群系,并论述了各群系的特征。DCA排序进一步说明了群系的分布格局与水分和土壤的密切关系,结果表明组成沙棘灌丛的种群对群落生境具有指示作用,能客观反映群落的生境特征．