PFNA内固定在老年人股骨转子间骨折的手术效果及对髋关节功能改善效果

目的:研究股骨近端螺旋刀片抗旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果及对髋关节功能影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2012年8月到2015年5月间收治的老年股骨转子间骨折患者86例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组(43例)和观察组(43例)。对照组患者接受动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定治疗,观察组患者接受PFNA内固定治疗。比较两组患者的手术效果和并发症发生率,同时术后随访,比较两组患者的髋关节功能评分和炎症因子表达水平。结果:在手术时间、术中出血量、卧床时间及骨折愈合时间方面,观察组均明显低于对照组(P0.01);观察组的总并发症发生率(4.66%)明显低于对照组(20.94%)(x~2=5.11,P=0.02);术后随访6个月,两组的Harris髋关节功能评分优良率比较无明显差异(P0.05);手术后,血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α表达水平,观察组均明显低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:PFNA治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果显著,手术创伤较小,术中出血量低,且并发症较低,且术后髋关节功能恢复效果较好,值得在临床推广。     

局部应用依那西普治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节受累的临床疗效分析

目的：评价局部应用依那西普治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节受累的短期疗效。方法：选择我科2001-2011年收治的强直性脊柱炎髋关节受累的患者50例,在高频超声引导下于髋关节局部注射依那西普50mg,每周1次,连用4次。分别在注射前、注射后2、4、8周观察患者的BASDAI、BASFI、脊柱痛VAS、患者总体评价（PGA）VAS、夜间痛VAS、血沉、CRP和Harris功能评分,同时记录患者出现的不良反应。结果：依那西普治疗2周时,30例达ASAS20的缓解（60％）,13例（26％）达到ASAS50的缓解,8例（16％）达到ASAS70的缓解;治疗8周时,ASAS20／50／70的缓解率分别为38例（64％）、21例（42％）、15例（30％）,其中Harris评分达70以上者占总人数的90％,80分60％,90分30％,1例患者缓解不明显,4例患者处于70分以下,但疾病活动度情况改善。结论：依那西普可有效改善强直性脊柱炎髋关节受累患者的关节症状,降低疾病活动强度,且无明显药物不良反应。     

Sex determination of fetal and neonate skeletons by means of discriminant analysis

Facing the requirements of refined paleodemographical analyses, the access to the early ontogenetic sex ratio of skeletal populations is an important feature. Using raw data provided byFazekas & Kosa (1978) for a sample of known sex, discriminant functions are derived from hip and thigh bone dimensions that allow an almost unbiased classification of more than 70% of fetal and neonate individuals.     

髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果观察

目的:探讨髋关节置换手术治疗高龄人群不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的稳定性及愈后生活质量。方法:选取我院骨科收治的110例不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,观察组55例采用人工全髋关节置换术,对照组55例采用DHS内固定治疗,观察两组患者的手术时间、手术出血量、平均住院时间、临床疗效、术后并发症及愈后生存质量。结果:观察组手术时间及手术出血量大于对照组,但患者平均卧床时间及显著短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组手术总有效率为87.27%,对照组手术总有效率为70.90%,观察组手术效果明显优于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率为7.27%,显著低于对照组(25.45%)(P0.05)。观察组患者生活质量满意度为80.00%,明显高于对照组(61.82%)(P0.05)。结论:髋关节置换手术能减少术中出血量、患者下地活动时间早,局部组织修复速度快,对于体质较差、年龄大的老年患者,该术式是延长预期寿命的最佳手术方式。     

超声引导下硬膜外阻滞在老年髋关节置换手术中的应用

目的:探讨超声引导下硬膜外阻滞在老年髋关节置换手术中的应用方法与效果。方法:2017年6月至2020年5月选择在本院进行髋关节置换手术的老年患者112例,根据随机数字表法把患者分为研究组与对照组,各56例。研究组给予超声引导下硬膜外阻滞,对照组给予传统的静脉持续镇痛。两组都给予全麻诱导与维持,记录镇痛效果与患者术后康复情况。结果:两组的性别、年龄、麻醉时间、手术时间与术中出血量等对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组的术后住院时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后1 d、3 d、7 d的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale/Score,VAS)评分都低于术前1 d,观察组也都显著低于对照组,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术后1 d、3 d、7 d的髋关节活动度都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后1 d、3 d、7 d的血清P物质(Substance P,SP)、前列腺素E2(Prostaglandin E2,PGE2)含量都高于术前1 d,观察组低于对照组,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:超声引导下硬膜外阻滞在老年髋关节置换手术中的应用能抑制血清SP、PGE2的释放,能缓解患者术后疼痛,促进髋关节功能的恢复,缩短患者的康复时间。     

经皮穴位电刺激对老年髋关节置换术患者脑氧代谢以及术后认知功能、镇痛效果的影响

目的:探讨经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)对老年髋关节置换术患者脑氧代谢以及术后认知功能、镇痛效果的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2018年7月期间我院收治的行髋关节置换术患者91例为研究对象,将研究对象根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=45)和研究组(n=46),对照组给予常规麻醉处理,研究组在对照组基础上给予TEAS,比较两组脑氧代谢、术后认知功能以及镇痛效果,记录两组术后的不良反应发生情况。结果:在降压开始后20 min(T1)、降压开始后40 min(T2)、停止降压后20 min(T3)时间点时,两组静脉血氧含量(Cjv O2)较降压前即刻(T0)时间点升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05),两组脑动-静脉血氧含量差(Da-jvO2)、脑氧摄取率(CERO2)较T0时间点降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术后72h简易智能量表(MMSE)评分均较术前24h降低,但研究组高于对照组(P0.05),研究组术后认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。与术前比较,两组患者术后8h、术后24h、术后48h视觉疼痛模拟量表(VAS)评分均升高(P0.05),但研究组术后8h、术后24h、术后48h等时间点VAS评分均低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应总发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:TEAS对老年髋关节置换术后患者的镇痛效果确切,可有效改善脑氧代谢情况,提高术后认知功能,临床应用价值较高。     

切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取98例移位股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=50,切开复位）和B组（n=48,闭合复位）,比较两组患者优良率、骨折复位质量、髋关节功能、围术期指标、术后并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。结果：A组患者术后6个月的优良率为78.00%（39/50）,高于B组的58.33%（28/48）（P<0.05）。两组术后负重下地时间、术中透视时间比较无差异（P>0.05）;B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分均较术前升高,且A组高于B组（P<0.05）。两组二次手术及并发症发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。A组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型的例数均多于B组,Ⅲ型例数少于B组（P<0.05）。结论：与闭合复位空心钉内固定相比,切开复位空心钉内固定虽损伤较大,但其术后骨折复位质量和髋关节功能改善效果更佳,且不增加并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。     

Superimposing hip extension on knee flexion evokes higher activation in biceps femoris than knee flexion alone

Hamstring muscle function during knee flexion has been linked to hamstring injury and performance. However, it is unclear whether knee flexion alone (KF) requires similar hamstring electromyography (EMG) activity pattern to simultaneous hip extension and knee flexion (HE-KF), a combination that occurs in the late swing phase of sprinting. This study examined whether HE-KF maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) evokes higher (EMG) activity in biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) than KF alone. Effects of shank rotation angles were also tested. Twenty-one males performed the above-mentioned MVICs while EMG activity was measured along ST and BFlh. Conditions were compared using a one-way mixed functional ANOVA model under a fully Bayesian framework. Higher EMG activity was found in HE-KF in all shank rotation positions than in KF in the middle region of BFlh (highest in the 9th channel, by 0.022 mV [95%CrI 0.014 to 0.030] in neutral shank position). For ST, this was only observed in the neutral shank position and in the most proximal channel (by 0.013 mV [95%CrI 0.001 to 0.025]). We observed muscle- and region-specific responses to HE-KF. Future studies should examine whether hamstring activation in this task is related to injury risk and sprint performance.     

An anatomical subject-specific FE-model for hip fracture load prediction

In order to reduce the socio-economic burden induced by osteoporotic hip fractures, finite element models have been evaluated as an additional diagnostic tool for fracture prediction. For a future clinical application, the challenge is to reach the best compromise between model relevance and computing time. Based on this consideration, the current study focused on the development and validation of a subject-specific FE-model using an original parameterised generic model and a specific personalization method. A total of 39 human femurs were tested to failure under a quasi-static compression in stance configuration. The corresponding FE-models were generated and for each specimen the numerical fracture load (F _FEM) was compared with the experimental value (F _EXP), resulting in a significant correlation (F _EXP = 1.006 F _FEM with r ² = 0.87 and SEE = 1220 N, p < 0.05) obtained with a reasonable computing time (30 mn). Further in vivo study should confirm the ability of this FE-model to improve the fracture risk prediction.     

Inertial sensor based method for identifying spherical joint center of rotation

The miniaturized wireless inertial measurement unit (IMU) technology and algorithms presented herein promote rapid and accurate predictions of the center-of-rotation (CoR) for ball/spherical joints. The algorithm improves upon existing IMU-based methods by directly utilizing the measured acceleration and angular velocity provided by the IMU to deduce the CoR in lieu of relying on error-prone velocity and position estimates. Results demonstrate that this new method resolves the position of the CoR to within a 3 mm sphere of the true CoR determined by a precision coordinate measuring machine. Such accuracy may render this method attractive for broad use in field, laboratory and clinical settings requiring non-invasive and rapid estimates of joint CoR.