白花蛇舌草的化学成分研究

为研究白花蛇舌草(Hedyotis diffusa)的化学成分,采用硅胶柱色谱、制备HPLC色谱等方法,从白花蛇舌草全草的70%乙醇提取物中分离得到9个化合物。根据理化性质及其波谱或光谱数据,结构分别鉴定为：豆甾醇(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、rubiadin(3)、2,6-二羟基-1-甲氧基蒽醌(4)、β-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、对香豆酸(6)、山奈酚(7)、槲皮素(8)和2-羟基-3-甲氧基-7-甲基蒽醌(9)。化合物4为新化合物;氯仿提取部位的Fr.4、Fr.4-2及Fr.4-4流分具有较强体外抗人子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞活性,其IC₅₀值分别为52.8、78.1和27.5μg/mL。     

白花蛇舌草醇提取物对乳腺癌T-47D细胞株生长的抑制作用

目的：观察白花蛇舌草醇提取物对乳腺癌细胞T-47D生长的影响。方法：采用平皿克隆形成实验、软琼脂集落形成实验和BrdUrd（溴脱氧尿苷）掺入实验,观察不同浓度的白花蛇舌草醇提取物（1.0μg/mL,3.0μg/mL,10μg/mL,30μg/mL,100μg/mL）对T-47D细胞锚定依赖性生长和软琼脂集落形成能力及核酸合成的抑制作用。结果：①随着白花蛇舌草醇提取物浓度的升高,对T-47D细胞的生长呈现明显抑制作用;②白花蛇舌草醇提取物可呈浓度依赖性抑制对数生长期T-47D细胞核酸合成。结论：白花蛇舌草醇提取物可能通过影响肿瘤细胞核酸合成而抑制T-47D细胞生长。     

Protective Antioxidant Effects of Amentoflavone and Total Flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa on H2O2‐Induced HL‐O2 Cells through ASK1/p38 MAPK Pathway

In this study, total flavonoids and total triterpenoid acid were extracted with ethyl acetate from Hedyotis diffusa Willd, and hepatoprotective activities of them and five compounds from total flavonoids against H₂O₂ induced hepatocyte damage on HL‐02 cells were determined. In particular, amentoflavone and total flavonoids had influence on the leakage of ALT, AST, LDH, the activities of SOD and the content of MDA. They effectively reduced the loss of MMP, the release of Cyt C, and then inhibited activation of caspase‐3/caspase‐9 cascade in hepatotoxic cells. The contents of ROS were significantly reduced to inhibit p38 in amentoflavone and flavonoids groups which decreased ASK1 and p‐p38 levels through increasing thioredoxin Trx1 and reductase TrxR1. These results suggesting that the antioxidant protection of amentoflavone and flavonoids might be reducing ROS to inhibit the H₂O₂‐induced upstream of pathway via increasing levels of Trx1 and TrxR1, which were pivotal in blocking the down streaming effectors of ASK1/p38 MAPK pathway and alleviating hepatotoxicity.     

蔓茎堇菜和柔毛堇菜多糖的抑菌抗氧化活性

利用乙醇沉淀法提取蔓茎堇菜Viola diffusa和柔毛堇菜V.principis多糖并分别进行抑菌及抗氧化试验。结果表明,蔓茎堇菜和柔毛堇菜多糖提取率分别为7.0%和8.3%。不同倍数体积无水乙醇沉淀提取的多糖抑菌和抗氧化能力不同。抑菌效果显示,蔓茎堇菜多糖对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈分别可达8.46mm和8.59mm,柔毛堇菜对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈均可达9.13mm,但两种堇菜多糖对黑曲霉和啤酒酵母未呈现抑制活性;抗氧化研究发现,蔓茎堇菜多糖抗氧化活性为243.64U·mL^-1,柔毛堇菜多糖抗氧化活性为411.78U·mL^-1。由此可见,无论是抑菌还是抗氧化活性方面,柔毛堇菜极显著优于蔓茎堇菜(P<0.01)。蔓茎堇菜和柔毛堇菜多糖都具有一定的抑菌抗氧化活性,均可作为食药两用植物资源进行开发利用。     

霜霉属菌一新种——微孔草霜霉

本文报道寄生于甘青微孔草(Microula pseudotrichocarpa W.T.Wang)和疏花微孔草[M.diffusa(Maxim.)Johnst.]上的霜霉属一新种——微孔草霜霉(Peronospora microulaeMeng et G.Y.Yin)。以汉文和拉丁文描述此新种的形态性状,并。附图     

耳草属(HedyotisL.)的起源及地理分布

依据耳草属的系统学,古地理学和细胞染色体资料分析和推论,耳草属植物的起源地点在冈瓦纳古陆,很可能在古陆辽阔的东北部地区。耳草属植物的起源时间不应晚于侏罗纪,有可能在三叠纪就已经出现,并在侏罗纪得到广泛的传播,其迁移的路线有四条,即从起源中心向东经上耳其,伊朗进入东南亚地区,向东南通过古南大陆向印度板块和徜大利亚扩散,向北进入北美地区,向西南进入南美洲地区,随着冈瓦纳古陆的分离,印度板块向北漂移以及澳大利亚与古南大陆的分离,植物迁移与扩散的速度受到了制约,耳草属植物现代分布格局形成的原因在于传播途径的隔断和第四纪冰川的作用。     

Development of microsatellite markers in heterostylous Hedyotis chrysotricha (Rubiaceae)

? Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for a heterostylous herb, Hedyotis chrysotricha to investigate the effect of habitat fragmentation on its genetic diversity and population structure. ? Methods and Results: Twelve primer sets were developed and their polymorphisms were tested on 47 individuals from two island populations of H. chrysotricha in Thousand Island Lake of China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 10, with an average of seven alleles. Expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.284 to 0.821 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.191 to 0.851. ? Conclusions: We showed that all of the 12 microsatellite markers developed for H. chrysotricha are polymorphic within populations, which should provide a powerful tool for assessing population structure and genetic diversity across fragmented and continuous populations, and for studying the genetic effects of habitat fragmentation on this species.     

Biogeographical variation in community response to root allelochemistry: novel weapons and exotic invasion

Centaurea diffusa is one of the most destructive invasive weeds in the western USA and allelopathy appears to contribute to its invasiveness ( Callaway & Aschehoug 2000 ). Here we identify a chemical from the root exudates of C. diffusa, 8‐hydroxyquinoline, not previously reported as a natural product, and find that it varies biogeographically in its natural concentration and its effect as an allelochemical. 8‐Hydroxyquinoline is at least three times more concentrated in C. diffusa‐invaded North American soils than in this weed's native Eurasian soils and has stronger phytotoxic effects on grass species from North America than on grass species from Eurasia. Furthermore, experimental communities built from North American plant species are far more susceptible to invasion by C. diffusa than communities built from Eurasian species, regardless of the biogeographical origin of the soil biota. Sterilization of North American soils suppressed C. diffusa more than sterilization of Eurasian soils, indicating that North American soil biota may also promote invasion by C. diffusa. Eurasian plants and soil microbes may have evolved natural resistance to 8‐hydroxyquinoline while North American plants have not, suggesting a remarkable potential for evolutionary compatibility and homeostasis among plants within natural communities and a mechanism by which exotic weeds destroy these communities.     

白花蛇舌草的抗肿瘤活性和初步化学研究

我们在美国国立肿瘤研究所对白花蛇舌草 (Hedyotisdiffusa)的乙醇提取物及不同的溶剂萃取部位进行了肿瘤细胞株的细胞毒活性筛选 ,发现CH3 OH∶H2 O(9∶1)部位有一定的细胞毒活性 ,特别是对乳腺癌细胞株有中等强度活性。因此我们对该部位进行了初步化学成分研究 ,从中分离得到三个已知化合物 ,即豆甾醇 5 ,2 2 二烯 3β ,7α 二醇 (Stigmasta 5 ,2 2 diene 3β ,7α diol,1) ,豆甾醇 5 ,2 2 二烯 3β ,7β 二醇 (Stigmasta 5 ,2 2 diene 3β ,7β diol,2 )和熊果酸 (Ursolicacid ,3)。其中化合物 (1)和化合物 (2 )系首次从该植物中分离得到 ,同时文献报道这类甾醇类化合物有一定的细胞毒活性。进一步的活性和化学研究仍在进行。     

蔓茎堇菜总黄酮提取工艺初探

分别采用热水浸提法、甲醇浸提法和乙醇浸提法来提取蔓茎堇菜样品的总黄酮,并以芦丁为标准品,用紫外分光光度法在265nm处测定各提取液的总黄酮含量。结果表明,甲醇浸提法和乙醇浸提法显著优于热水浸提法,而用70％乙醇为提取溶剂时效果最佳。研究结果可为利用蔓茎堇菜工业化生产黄酮类药用成分提供科学依据。