滇产回心草及回心康抗缺血心肌脂质过氧化作用及对前列环素／血栓素的影响

采用结扎大鼠冠脉造成急性心肌缺血模型,动态观测Ⅱ导联心电图ST段的变化,以S-T段上移为指标反映缺血程度,观察了滇产回心草及回心康对急性心肌缺血损伤的保护作用,同时检测血清SOD、MDA、PGI2和TXA2.结果表明,回心草及回心康均能显著减少S-T段上移,均以2 g/kg组为显著;其1 g/kg及2 g/kg均使心肌梗塞范围缩小(p＜0.05,p＜0.01);均使心肌缺血大鼠血清SOD显著提高(p＜0.05及p＜0.01);MDA显著降低(p＜0.05,p＜0.01).回心草及回心康还能提高大鼠血清PGI2水平,降低TXA2含量,以回心草2 g/kg及回心康2 g/kg为显著(p＜0.05),呈剂量依赖性.实验结果提示,回心草及回心康均具有抗心肌缺血及抗脂质过氧化作用,其提高PGI2/TXA2可能与其抗心肌缺血作用机制有关.     

山东苔藓植物新记录

该研究通过对采自山东的苔藓植物标本进行鉴定,首次发现裂齿藓[ Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp.]和粗疣藓[ Fauriella tenuis (Mitt.) Cardot]在山东的分布,这也是昂氏藓科(Aongstroemiaceae)裂齿藓属( Dichodontium Schimp.)和粗疣藓属( Fauriella Besch.)的苔藓植物在山东的首次发现。文中还详细描述了裂齿藓和粗疣藓的形态特征,绘制了墨线图,并进行了相应的讨论。     

High throughput cryopreservation of 140,000 Physcomitrella patens mutants

A high throughput protocol was established to preserve 140,000 mutants of a moss, Physcomitrella patens, a model plant for functional genomics studies, over liquid nitrogen. Regarding the reliable long-term storage of diverse mutant phenotypes, as well as time and cost effectiveness, each working step was optimized: 1) plant preparation, 2) freezing regime, cryogenic conditions, 3) regrowth after thawing. A prerequisite for maximum regrowth was a 1-week preculture of chopped plant material on a supplemented medium prior to freezing. Cryo vials as preculture vessels resulted in identical regrowth rates, compared to petri dishes. The cryo vial type had a significant influence on regrowth rates. A cooling rate of - 1 degrees C/min down to - 35 degrees C with a 10 min holding time before transferring plants to - 152 degrees C was the most suitable freezing regime. This protocol allows a cryopreservation of 1100 plants during a 5-day working week, practicable by one person. For more than 650 cryopreserved mutants a maximum regrowth rate of 100 % was obtained, independently of mutant phenotypes.     

Hybridization between the peat mosses, Sphagnum capillifolium and S. quinquefarium (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) as inferred by morphological characters and isozyme markers

 Isozyme markers and morphological characters were studied in four populations of Sphagnum capillifolium and S. quinquefarium. Recombinant plants were found in three populations, where the two species occur sympatrically. All recombinants possessed different haplotypes and combinations of morphological characters, which show that they are results of independent hybridization events. Strongly male-biased sex ratios were found for Sphagnum capillifolium in all populations where it grew sympatrically with S. quinquefarium. Most of the recombinants were also male fertile. These observations suggest that S. quinquefarium is the female parent in the primary crosses and in subsequent backcrosses. Received September 3, 2001; accepted March 16, 2002 Published online: November 7, 2002 Addresses of the authors: Nils Cronberg (e-mail: Nils.Cronberg@sysbot.lu.se), Department of Systematic Botany, Lund University, S?lvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. Rayna Natcheva (e-mail: renimoss@iph.bio.bas.bg), Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.     

南极菲尔德斯半岛黑藓属植物的研究

本文对南极菲尔德斯半岛３种黑藓属植物的形态特征进行了描述,讨论了种间的差异。并用扫描电子显微镜详细观察了黑藓属植物孢子体的形态结构,丰富了该地区苔藓学研究资料。     

Structural features of Polytrichum formosum Hedw. populations along a habitat sequence of cutover restoration in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

In order to detect the effects of forest harvesting on bryophyte populations, structural parameters (frequency, coverage, density, height, and biomass) of Polytrichum formosum Hedw. populations in the eastern Tibetan Plateau were investigated on four cutover habitats which had been harvested by clear-cut in 1998, 1997, 1994 and 1990, representing restoration histories of 4, 5, 8, and 12 years, and on nearby primary spruce forest. Vascular plant coverage including shrubs, herbs and litter was estimated as well. It was found that the moss was not recorded in the nearby primary spruce forest but occurred on all clear-cut habitats. The frequency index, coverage, average height, shoot density and biomass on all cutovers was 23.8±10.3% (±SD), 1.8±2.5%, 105.5±53.3 mm, 1,358.9±1,744.1 shoot/m² and 7.3±12.5 g/m², respectively. The moss population on clear-cut habitat was an invading pioneer moss, and the structural parameters showed large-scale variability, agreeing with the initial hypothesis that deforestation promoted the establishment of the moss, which prefers light, on clear-cut habitats. Of all structural parameters, only the average height increased across clear-cut habitats along the restoration sequence. The relationships between the structural parameters and vascular coverage indicated the moss only occurred patchily on clear-cut habitats. The population occurrence potentially depended on shrub coverage, and the development was crucially controlled by herb coverage. The results suggested that the present structure of P. formosum populations on the clear-cut habitats was the result of environmental degradation resulting from forest clear-cut logging, population biology and reproductive strategies.     

拟纤枝真藓(Bryum petelotii)的地理新分布与分类地位探讨

报道了中国大陆新记录种——拟纤枝真藓(Bryum petelotii Thér.et Henr.)在贵州、云南的分布;描述了本种的形态特征和地理分布,并讨论了本种与相近种真藓(Bryum argenteum Hedw.)和纤枝短月藓［Brachymenium exile(Doz.et Molk.) Bosch et Lac.］的关系;基于文献和相关标本的研究,阐述并讨论了Ochi H.和B.C.Tan等关于该种分类地位的观点,并赞同将拟纤枝真藓置于真藓属(Bryum Hedw.)的观点。     

牛角藓(Cratoneuron filicinum(Hedw.)Spruce)叶片形态特征的生态变异及其分类学意义

对200份牛角藓(Cratoneuron filicinum)标本的叶片长度、叶片宽度、中肋基部宽度、叶片中部细胞的宽度和长度、角部细胞的宽度和长度及叶片弯曲程度等特征进行线性回归分析.结果表明,在较低样本量时,来源于不同生境的牛角藓叶片各性状特征间的线性相关性不显著,来源于水生群落的牛角藓叶片各性状特征问的线性相关性显著.在样本量较大时,牛角藓叶片各性状特征间的线性关系相关性显著.说明牛角藓叶片的某些特征在自然选择压力下发生了变化,表现出较高的遗传多样性;这些特征虽然受环境影响而在形态上表现出变异,但总的趋势是相似的.     

烟杆藓属及烟杆藓在中国的新记录

从形态学而论,烟杆藓属(Buxbaumia Hedw.)在苔藓植物中是一个独特的类型。该文简要介绍了烟杆藓属的历史和该属在中国的研究状况,以及该属的模式种烟杆藓首次在中国的发现。对烟杆藓在新疆的着生生境及群落状况做了详细介绍, 还就扫描电子显微镜观察烟杆藓的孢蒴、蒴齿和孢子形态、中国烟杆藓属分种检索表及属的系统关系进行观察和探讨。     

Species response curves along environmental gradients. A case study from SE Norwegian swamp forests

Abstract. Vegetation science has relied on untested paradigms relating to the shape of species response curves along environmental gradients. To advance in this field, we used the HOF approach to model response curves for 112 plant species along six environmental gradients and three ecoclines (as represented by DCA ordination axes) in SE Norwegian swamp forests. Response curve properties were summarized in three binary response variables: (1) model unimodal or monotonous (determinate) vs. indeterminate; (2) for determinate models, unimodal vs. monotonous and (3) for unimodal models, skewed vs. symmetric. We used logistic regression to test the influence, singly and jointly, of seven predictor variables on each of three response variables. Predictor variables included gradient type (environmental or ecocline) and length (compositional turnover); species category (vascular plant, moss, Sphagnum or hepatic), species frequency and richness, tolerance (the fraction of the gradient along which the species occurs) and position of species along each gradient. The probability for fitting a determinate model increased as the main occurrence of species approached gradient extremes and with increasing species tolerance and frequency and gradient length. Appearance of unimodal models was favoured by low species tolerance and disfavoured by closeness of species to gradient extremes. Appearance of skewed models was weakly related to predictors but was slightly favoured by species optima near gradient extremes. Contrary to the results of previous studies, species category, gradient type and variation in species richness along gradients did not contribute independently to model prediction. The overall best predictors of response curve shape were position along the gradient (relative to extremes) and tolerance; the latter also expressing gradient length in units of compositional turnover. This helps predicting species responses to gradients from gradient specific species properties. The low proportion of skewed response curves and the large variation of species response curves along all gradients indicate that skewed response curves is a smaller problem for the performance of ordination methods than often claimed. We find no evidence that DCA ordination increases the unimodality, or symmetry, of species response curves more than expected from the higher compositional turnover along ordination axes. Thus ordination axes may be appropriate proxies for ecoclines, applicable for use in species response modelling.