Plant regeneration from protoplasts of the monocotyledonous Haworthia magnifica v. Poelln.

Calli were initiated from flower buds, gynoecia and inflorescence segments of Haworthia magnifica v. Poelln. and subcultured on solid medium. Two liquid culture steps were necessary to prepare the calli for the isolation of protoplasts capable of sustained cell divisions. Plants were regenerated from protoplast-derived calli. The influence of both the osmolality of the culture media and exudates on the viability of protoplasts and protoplast-derived cell colonies is briefly discussed.     

The Influence of Leaf Windows on the Utilization and Absorption of Radiant Energy in Seven Desert Succulents

Four fluorescence parameters [F_v/F_m = the intrinsic efficiency of energy conversion via photosystem 2 (PS2); F_v/F_m= the efficiency of energy conversion via PS2 in the light; P = fraction of absorbed radiant energy utilized for photosynthesis; and D = fraction of absorbed radiant energy dissipated as heat] were measured on leaves of seven species of succulents having epidermal windows. While the function of leaf windows has reportedly been to increase absorption of radiant energy and, hence, the rate of photosynthesis in these species, recent evidence indicates that this translucent portion of epidermal tissue, lacking chlorophyll, may also result in photoinhibition in these species, especially for those with growth habits aboveground. Species with aboveground and belowground growth habits were compared with their leaf windows covered with reflective tape and with windows unobstructed. Results showed no increase in photoinhibition for these species resulting from the radiant energy penetrating the window tissue. Although the efficiency of the photosynthetic mechanism was not significantly influenced by the additional radiant energy provided by the window for individual species, there were significant differences in the efficiencies of radiant energy capture (F_v/F_m) and utilization (P) between the two growth habits. Species with an aboveground growth habit were less efficient in radiant energy utilization compared with the species having a belowground growth habit.     

不同贮藏温度和时间对钻喙兰人工种子萌发及其幼苗成活的影响

植物人工种子技术已广泛应用于花卉、林木和蔬菜的优良品种快速繁殖以及种质资源的超低温保存等方面[1].     

广西蜘蛛抱蛋中一种甾体皂甙定性定量研究

为了进一步开发和利用广西甾体药源植物奠定基础 ,对广西蜘蛛抱蛋 (Aspidistra retusa K.Y.Langet.S.Z.Huang)块茎甾体皂甙化合物进行了提取分离。在分离得化合物中含量最高的甾体皂甙化合物 4经鉴定为 :偏诺甾体四糖皂甙 ,即 pennogenin-3-β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl[-α-L-rhamno-pyranosyl(1 -2 ) ]-α-L-rham-no-pyanosyl(1 -4 ) -α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 -4 )。该化合物为首次从蜘蛛抱蛋属植物中分离得到。经 HPLC测定其在广西蜘蛛抱蛋中的含量为 1 .5 95 %。     

Population cytology of structural and numerical chromosome variants in theAloïneae (Liliaceae)

The distribution of interchange heterozygotes is analysed in one population of each of three species in the tribeAloïneae (Liliaceae). While one population is shown to be clonal the other two indicate that natural selection eliminates interchange homozygotes and maintains the chromosomal uniformity of the tribe. Analysis of a fourth population containing aneuploids and chromosome deletions shows that mutant plants are capable of interbreeding, but that spread of the aberrations is limited.     

Rapid Propagation of <i>Rhynchostylis retusa in Vitro</i>

An efficient regeneration system of Rhynchostylis retusa was established to provide technical reference for the application of tissue culture tube seedlings in production. The mixtures of callus and protocorm from aseptic germination were used as explants. The optimal media of each stage was selected for callus proliferation, protocorm occurrence and growth, rejuvenation and rooting via a single, complete combination and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimal medium for callus proliferation, protocorms occurrence and growth was 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium adding 50 g·L⁻¹ banana puree, 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1.5 mg·L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ kinetin (KT) with 17.33 proliferation coefficient of callus and 19.63 occurrence coefficient of buds after 90 days. Then the buds occurred from protocorm were cultured on 1/2 MS medium including 100 g·L⁻¹ banana puree, 1.0 mg·L⁻¹ NAA, 2.0 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA and 0.05 mg·L⁻¹ KT, in which the proliferation coefficient of callus was 10.32 and occurrence coefficient of buds reached 17.87. In the further subculture, the same medium was simultaneously used for callus proliferation, protocorm occurrence and bud growth. The plantlets developed roots in 1/2 MS medium containing 70 mL·L⁻¹ coconut water and 1.5 mg·L⁻¹ NAA with 100% rooting rates after 90 days. The survival rate was more than 90% after domestication and transplantation. This regeneration protocol will provide technique foundation for protecting wild resource and developing artificial cultivation.     

Assessment of the bioregulatory activity of the leaf juices of higher plants in Al-Taif,Saudi Arabia against Fusarium solani,Phytophthora spp. and Rhizoctonia solani

Resistance to conventional fungicides causes poor disease control in agriculture. Natural products from plants have great potential as novel fungicide sources for controlling pathogenic fungi. In this study the antipathogenic activity of the leaf juices of 11 plant species (Chenopodium ambrosioides, Pulicaria vulgaris, Lavandula pubescens, Lavandula dentata, Ageratum conyzoides, Ficus retusa, Zizyphus nummularia, Acacia tortilis, Phragmanthera sp. Aff. Rufescens, Lawsonia alba and Olea europaea) were evaluated in vitro against three plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium solani, Phytophthora spp. and Rhizoctonia solani). Plate assays showed that the leaf aqueous juices have antifungal activity against these fungi. The aqueous extracts of Pulicaria vulgaris, Lavandula dentata, Ageratum conyzoides, Ficus retusa, Zizyphus nummularia, Acacia tortilis, Phragmanthera sp. Aff. Rufescens (when associated with Acacia tortilis), Lawsonia alba and Olea europaea exhibited antifungal properties against Fusarium solani, Phytophthora spp. and Rhizoctonia solani with variable degrees. On the other hand, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Lavandula pubescens and Phragmanthera sp. Aff. Rufescens (when associated with Zizyphus nummularia) did not exhibit any fungitoxicity. All these observations suggest the possible exploitation of Chenopodium oil as a potential botanical fungitoxicant in ecofriendly control of post-harvest biodeterioration of food commodities from storage fungi.     

Assessment of Genetic Stability Among In Vitro Plants of Arachis retusa Using RAPD and AFLP Markers for Germplasm Preservation

Arachis retusa Krapov. et W. C. Gregory et Valls is endemic in the West-central region of Brazil, occurring In areas endangered by human actions. The establishment of in vitro preservation methods for wild species of Arachis is an alternative to seed banks for germplasm storage, multiplication and distribution. The risk of genetic changes Induced by tissue culture and the monitoring of the genetic stability of the biological material before, during and after storage must be considered In the context of conservation. Random amplified polymorphlc ONA （RAPO） and amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） fingerprinting were used to evaluate the genetic stability of in vitro plants originated from cotyledons and embryo axes of A. retusa. Cotyledons originated shoots through direct organogenesls and embryo axes displayed muItishoot formation Induced by 110 mmol/L and 8.8 mmol/L BAP, respectively. Ninety genomlc regions （loci） generated from RAPO and 372 from AFLP analyses were evaluated. All amplified fragments detected by both techniques in plants derived from the two explant types were monomorphic. The results Indicate that the recovered shoots are genetically stable at the assessed genomic regions.     

大叶土蜜树化学成分及抗神经炎活性研究

为研究大叶土蜜树(Bridelia retusa)茎的化学成分及其抗神经炎活性,采用色谱技术从大叶土蜜树茎部分95%乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物。通过核磁共振波谱、质谱以及与文献数据比较,化合物结构鉴定为没食子酸(1)、木栓酮(2)、阿魏酸二十七烷脂(3)、芥子醛(4)、丁香醛(5)、丁香脂素(6)、补骨脂素(7)、补骨脂酚(8)、二十五烷酸(9)、亚油酸(10)和1-Linoleoylglycerol(11)。其中化合物3～11为首次从土蜜树属中分离得到。对化合物1～11的抗神经炎活性进行评价,发现化合物4、5、10和11对LPS诱导BV-2细胞NO生成具有显著抑制作用,其IC50分别为12. 57、8. 41、5. 86、5. 86μM。