Reconstitution of the Turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase sensitivity to l-epinephrine upon re-insertion of the Lubrol solubilized components into phospholipid vesicles

Turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase was activated by GppNHp and l-epinephrine to its stable, highly active form. In this form the enzyme could be solubilized by Lubrol-PX and subsequently re-inserted into phospholipid vesicles concomitantly with the removal of up to 99.3% of the Lubrol. The ability of GTP and l-epinephrine to reverse the GppNHp/epinephrine activated state was taken as a measure for the reappearance of hormone sensitivity in the reconstituted vesicles. An incomplete but significant reappearance of hormone sensitivity in the reconstituted adenylate cyclase was achieved. This hormone sensitivity was found to be stereospecific for (?)epinephrine. The ¹²⁵I-cyanopindolol binding properties of the reconstituted β-receptor depend on the nature of the detergent and the phospholipids used in the reconstitution.     

Computational Design of a PAK1 Binding Protein

We describe a computational protocol, called DDMI, for redesigning scaffold proteins to bind to a specified region on a target protein. The DDMI protocol is implemented within the Rosetta molecular modeling program and uses rigid-body docking, sequence design, and gradient-based minimization of backbone and side-chain torsion angles to design low-energy interfaces between the scaffold and target protein. Iterative rounds of sequence design and conformational optimization were needed to produce models that have calculated binding energies that are similar to binding energies calculated for native complexes. We also show that additional conformation sampling with molecular dynamics can be iterated with sequence design to further lower the computed energy of the designed complexes. To experimentally test the DDMI protocol, we redesigned the human hyperplastic discs protein to bind to the kinase domain of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1). Six designs were experimentally characterized. Two of the designs aggregated and were not characterized further. Of the remaining four designs, three bound to the PAK1 with affinities tighter than 350 μM. The tightest binding design, named Spider Roll, bound with an affinity of 100 μM. NMR-based structure prediction of Spider Roll based on backbone and ¹³C^β chemical shifts using the program CS-ROSETTA indicated that the architecture of human hyperplastic discs protein is preserved. Mutagenesis studies confirmed that Spider Roll binds the target patch on PAK1. Additionally, Spider Roll binds to full-length PAK1 in its activated state but does not bind PAK1 when it forms an auto-inhibited conformation that blocks the Spider Roll target site. Subsequent NMR characterization of the binding of Spider Roll to PAK1 revealed a comparably small binding ‘on-rate’ constant (? 10⁵ M^− 1 s^− 1). The ability to rationally design the site of novel protein-protein interactions is an important step towards creating new proteins that are useful as therapeutics or molecular probes.     

虫草提取物对肺纤维化小鼠的抗氧化作用研究

目的：探讨虫草提取物对小鼠肺纤维化过程中脂质过氧化的影响。方法：昆明种小鼠144只,随机分为假手术组、模型组、虫草提取物高、中、低剂量组和醋酸泼尼松组,每组24只。除假手术组外其余各组小鼠采用气管内一次性滴注盐酸博莱霉素,假手术组小鼠气管内一次性滴注等体积生理盐水。造模后第二天开始给药,假手术组和模型组分别灌服等体积的生理盐水。各组动物于7,14,28d随机处死8只,分别观察各组小鼠肺系数、肺组织羟脯氨酸（HYP）、丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及血清中MDA的含量和SOD的活性,并取固定部位肺组织做病理组织学检查。结果：虫草提取物能明显降低肺纤维化小鼠肺系数和肺组织HYP的含量,并可提高血清和肺组织中SOD的活性,降低血清和肺组织中MDA的含量。病理组织学检查表明,虫草提取物明显改善实验性小鼠肺纤维化。结论：虫草提取物对小鼠肺纤维化具有一定的干预作用,其机制可能与抗脂质过氧化有关。     

博来霉素致肺纤维化大鼠形态学变化的实验研究

目的　观察博来霉素 (Bleomycin ,BLM)致大鼠肺纤维化模型的形态学及胶原含量的变化 ,探讨其发生机制。方法　健康SD大鼠 ,BLM 5mg (kg·bw)复制大鼠肺纤维化模型 ,于 1、3、7、14、2 8d ,观察肺纤维化形成的病理变化和肺匀浆羟脯氨酸 (HYP)的含量变化。结果　光镜所见 :给予BLM后 1- 7d肺部病变以肺泡炎为主 ,14d以后则进入慢性纤维化阶段。电镜所见 :模型组 3- 7dⅠ型细胞受损 ;Ⅱ型细胞增生 ,其内板层小体明显增多 ,线粒体嵴消失甚至出现空泡样变 ;14 - 2 8dⅡ型细胞数目减少 ,纤维组织增生。模型组肺组织匀浆HYP含量于 7d开始明显增加 ,2 8d达高峰。结论　博来霉素诱发大鼠肺纤维化早期以肺泡炎为主 ,7d开始出现肺纤维化 ,2 8d肺纤维化为主要病变     

经鼻滴入博莱霉素致小鼠肺纤维化模型的建立及其病理演变

目的经鼻快速滴入博莱霉素复制小鼠肺纤维化模型,观察肺纤维化模型小鼠的病理形态学改变及其羟脯氨酸含量变化,鉴定肺纤维化模型的成功建立。方法经鼻滴入博莱霉素建立小鼠肺纤维化模型。分别于造模第14天和第28天后,取肺组织行HE染色和天狼猩红染色,取心、肝、脾、肾、脑组织行HE染色,光镜下观察组织病理学变化;造模第28天后用样本碱水解法检测肺组织中羟脯氨酸（HYP）的含量。结果①肺组织病理形态学改变：造模第14天和第28天后模型组小鼠肺泡炎及纤维化程度均明显高于阴性对照组,并且在造模第28天后肺纤维化程度进一步加重;②肺组织中HYP含量：与阴性对照组比较,模型组显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论经鼻滴入博莱霉素可以成功复制小鼠肺纤维化模型,肺纤维化模型小鼠HYP含量升高。     

葵粕多肽抗皮肤光老化作用的研究

本文以昆明小鼠为研究对象,研究了用葵粕分离蛋白加工的多肽,即葵粕多肽(SMP)对紫外线诱导的小鼠光老化皮肤的保护作用。试验动物分为五组,基础对照组不进行紫外线照射,模型组紫外线照射并涂抹蒸馏水,阳性对照组照射并涂抹Vc,大小剂量组照射并涂抹多肽样品,样品浓度分别为15%和30%。通过对小鼠皮肤组织形态的观察和皮肤生化指标分析,发现模型组小鼠皮肤表面有明显红斑,皮肤粗糙,有粗深的皱纹,葵粕多肽大剂量组小鼠皮肤皱纹已不明显,接近正常组小鼠皮肤;多肽大剂量组可降低皮肤组织中丙二醛的含量和增加羟脯氨酸的含量,差异极显著(P0.01)。研究表明:葵粕多肽有抗氧化和抗皮肤光老化的作用。     

The oxidative damage and inflammation caused by pesticides are reverted by lipoic acid in rat brain

We have previously demonstrated that the administration of low doses of dimethoate, glyphosate and zineb to rats (i.p. 1/250 LD50, three times a week for 5 weeks) provokes severe oxidative stress (OS) in specific brain regions: substantia nigra, cortex and hippocampus. These effects were also observed in plasma. Lipoic acid (LA) is considered an “ideal antioxidant” due to its ability to scavenge reactive species, reset antioxidant levels and cross the blood–brain barrier. To investigate its protective effect we administered LA (i.p. 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) simultaneously with the pesticide mixture (PM) for 5 weeks. After suppression of PM administration, we evaluated the restorative effect of LA for a further 5 weeks. LA prevented OS and the production of nitrites + nitrates [NOx] caused by PM in a dose-dependent manner. The PM-induced decrease in reduced glutathione and α-tocopherol levels in all brain regions was completely restored by LA at both high doses. PM administration also caused an increase in prostaglandins E₂ and F_2α in brain that was reduced by LA in a dose-dependent fashion. Taking into account the relationship between OS, inflammation and apoptosis, we measured caspase and calpain activity. Only milli- and micro-calpain isoforms were increased in the PM-treated group and LA reduced the activities to basal levels. We also demonstrated that interrupting PM administration is not enough to restore the levels of all the parameters measured and that LA is necessary to achieve basal status. In our experimental model LA displayed a protective role against pesticide-induced damage, suggesting that LA administration is a promising therapeutic strategy to cope with disorders suspected to be caused by OS generators, especially in brain.