血清HCY、MMP-9、NT-proBNP水平与老年2型糖尿病大血管病变的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、N-端B型钠利尿肽(NT-pro BNP)变化与老年2型糖尿病大血管病变的关系。方法:选取我院2014年5月至2016年5月收治的老年2型糖尿病患者50例,依据大血管病变发生情况将其分为合并大血管病变组(A组,n=25)和未合并大血管病变组(B组,n=25),另选取同期来我院进行体检的健康人员50例作为对照组,比较三组的一般临床资料、血清HCY、MMP-9、NT-pro BNP水平。结果:A组患者的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2h BG)水平均显著高于B组(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著低于B组(P0.05),但三组患者的性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组、B组患者的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、FBG、2h BG、Hb A1c、TG、TG、LDL-C水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),LDL-C水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05),但三组人员的性别、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者的血清HCY、MMP-9、NT-pro BNP水平均显著高于B组(P0.05);A组、B组患者的HCY、MMP-9、NT-pro BNP水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:血清HCY、MMP-9、NT-pro BNP水平与老年2型糖尿病的大血管病变显著相关。     

奥扎格雷钠联合川芎嗪注射液对急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸、C 反应蛋白及纤维蛋白原水平的影响

目的:探讨奥扎格雷钠联合川芎嗪注射液对急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及纤维蛋白原(FIB)的水平的影响。方法:选择我院收治的急性脑梗死患者68例,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组34例。对照组患者给予奥扎格雷钠治疗,实验组患者给予奥扎格雷钠联合使用川芎嗪注射液治疗,观察并比较治疗前后两组患者血清HCY,CRP及FIB的水平以及颈内动脉粥样狭窄程度的变化和临床总有效率。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者血清HCY,CRP及FIB水平均显著降低,颈内动脉粥样硬化情况均好转(P0.05);且与对照组相比,实验组患者血清HCY,CRP及FIB水平较低,颈内动脉粥样硬化情况较轻(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者临床总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:奥扎格雷钠联合川芎嗪注射液治疗可显著提高急性脑梗死积的临床疗效,并能够降低患者颈内动脉粥样狭窄程度,其机制可能与降低血清HCY,CRP及纤维蛋白原水平有关。     

胰岛素联合六味地黄丸治疗老年早期糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨胰岛素联合六味地黄丸治疗老年早期糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效。方法:收集我院收治的老年早期糖尿病肾病患者100例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各50例,对照组患者血糖情况给予胰岛素1次~2次/d,实验组患者在此基础上给予六味地黄丸1丸/次,2次/d,口服。连续4周。治疗结束后,对患者血清糖基化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平的变化及临床疗效进行检测并比较。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者的Hb A1c、HCY、Cys-C均下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者Hb A1c、HCY、Cys-C水平较低(P0.05),实验组患者治疗总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:胰岛素联合六味地黄丸能够有效改善老年早期糖尿病肾病患者的糖稳态及肾功能,临床疗效较好。     

Biosynthesis and biotechnological application of non-canonical amino acids: Complex and unclear

Compared with the better-studied canonical amino acids, the distribution, metabolism and functions of natural non-canonical amino acids remain relatively obscure. Natural non-canonical amino acids have been mainly discovered in plants as secondary metabolites that perform diversified physiological functions. Due to their specific characteristics, a broader range of natural and artificial non-canonical amino acids have recently been applied in the development of functional materials and pharmaceutical products. With the rapid development of advanced methods in biotechnology, non-canonical amino acids can be incorporated into peptides, proteins and enzymes to improve the function and performance relative to their natural counterparts. Therefore, biotechnological application of non-canonical amino acids in artificial bio-macromolecules follows the central goal of synthetic biology to: create novel life forms and functions. However, many of the non-canonical amino acids are synthesized via chemo- or semi-synthetic methods, and few non-canonical amino acids can be synthesized using natural in vivo pathways. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify the metabolic pathways and key enzymes of the non-canonical amino acids. This will lead to the discovery of more candidate non-canonical amino acids, especially for those that are derived from microorganisms and are naturally bio-compatible with chassis strains for in vivo biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize representative natural and artificial non-canonical amino acids, their known information regarding associated metabolic pathways, their characteristics and their practical applications. Moreover, this review summarizes current barriers in developing in vivo pathways for the synthesis of non-canonical amino acids, as well as other considerations, future trends and potential applications of non-canonical amino acids in advanced biotechnology.     

高HCY培养内皮细胞表面形态的AFM观察

目的：探讨一种新的损伤小、分辨率高的观察内皮细胞表面形态的方法。方法：取新生胎儿脐带静脉血管内皮细胞,培养２４～４８小时后,分为高ＨＣＹ实验组和正常对照组,采用ＡＦＭ对用戊二醛固定与未固定的内皮细胞进行观察,并与倒置显微镜、电子显微镜进行比较。结果：（１）固定后的内皮细胞ＡＦＭ扫描图象见细胞表面颗粒界限分明,排列规则,平均尺度为３００～４００ｎｍ,平整度略好于培养条件下观察的内皮细胞图象;（２）固定的高ＨＣＹ实验组内皮细胞的ＡＦＭ扫描图象见细胞表面有非常多的突起,颗粒规则性排列的特征消失,颗粒间界限模糊,表面粗糙,呈虫蚀状变化。（３）倒置显微镜观察未见两组间差异,电子显微镜观察也无法分辨差异。结论：ＡＦＭ是一种观察内皮细胞表面形态的较好方法,损伤小、分辨率高     

Effects of ghrelin on homocysteine-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response in rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells

Ghrelin is a well-characterized hormone that has protective effects on endothelial cells. Elevated HCY (homocysteine) can be a cardiovascular risk factor, but it is not known whether ghrelin can inhibit HCY-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response in rat CMECs (cardiac microvascular endothelial cells). We found that HCY treatment for 24 h inhibited proliferation and NO (nitric oxide) secretion, but with increased cell apoptosis and secretion of cytokines in CMECs. In contrast, ghrelin pretreatment significantly improved proliferation and NO secretion, and inhibited cell apoptosis and secretion of cytokines in HCY-induced CMECs. In addition, Western blot assay showed that NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and cleaved-caspase 3 expression were elevated, and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) expression were decreased after treatment with HCY, which was significantly reversed by pretreatment with ghrelin. The data suggest that ghrelin inhibits HCY-induced CMEC dysfunction and inflammatory response, probably mediated by inhibition of NF-κB activation.     

冠状动脉CTA联合血清HCY、Cys-C、ApoB/ApoA1比值对2型糖尿病患者合并冠状动脉病变的诊断价值

摘要 目的：探究冠状动脉CT血管造影（CTA）联合血清同型半胱氨酸（HCY）、胱抑素C（Cys-C）、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1（ApoB/ApoA1）比值对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者合并冠状动脉病变的诊断价值。方法：回顾性选取2018年8月到2021年8月间我院收治的358例T2DM患者,均行常规生化指标、CTA检查、冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查,根据CAG检查结果为金标准将T2DM患者分为未合并冠脉病变组（190例）和合并冠脉病变组（168例）,比较两组血清HCY、Cys-C、ApoB/ApoA1比值,分析CTA与CAG诊断冠脉狭窄结果的一致性,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估冠状动脉CTA联合血清HCY、Cys-C、ApoB/ApoA1比值对T2DM合并冠状动脉病变的诊断价值。结果：与未合并冠脉病变组比较,合并冠脉病变组血清HCY、Cys-C、ApoB、ApoB/ApoA1比值水平明显更高（P＜0.05）,ApoA1明显更低（P＜0.05）。以CAG为金标准,CTA诊断冠脉狭窄程度与CAG一致性较高（Kappa值0.748）。ROC曲线评估冠状动脉CTA诊断T2DM合并冠脉病变的AUC、灵敏度、特异度、准确度依次为0.802、74.40%、83.71%、79.11%。三项血清指标联合AUC、准确度显著优于单一指标（P＜0.05）。冠状动脉CTA联合血清HCY、Cys-C、ApoB/ApoA1比值诊断T2DM合并冠脉病变的价值显著优于各项指标单一诊断或三项血清指标联合诊断（P＜0.05）。结论：冠状动脉CTA联合血清HCY、Cys-C、ApoB/ApoA1比值诊断T2DM患者合并冠状动脉病变的价值较高,相较各项指标单一应用而言更具优势。