一种新型瓷嵌体修复用树脂粘接材料生物安全性评价

目的：初步评价一种新型瓷嵌体修复用树脂粘接材料的生物安全性。方法：按照国标GBl6886．5-1997,医药行业标准YY／T0268-2001、YY／T0279—1995、以及YY/T0244—1996所规定的方法对本院材料科新研制的复合树脂粘按材料的生物安全性进行评价,内容包括短期急性全身毒性试验,粘膜刺激实验,细胞毒性试验。结果：此种新型瓷嵌体修复用树脂粘接材料无细胞毒性,无短期全身毒性,对口腔黏膜无刺激。结论：此种新型瓷嵌体修复用树脂粘接材料具有良好的生物安全性,可以进行进一步安全性检测。     

Lessons learned from the 2019-nCoV epidemic on prevention of future infectious diseases

Only a month after the outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV, more than forty-thousand people were infected. This put enormous pressure on the Chinese government, medical healthcare provider, and the general public, but also made the international community deeply nervous. On the 25th day after the outbreak, the Chinese government implemented strict traffic restrictions on the area where the 2019-nCoV had originated—Hubei province, whose capital city is Wuhan. Ten days later, the rate of increase of cases in Hubei showed a significant difference (p = 0.0001) compared with the total rate of increase in other provinces of China. These preliminary data suggest the effectiveness of a traffic restriction policy for this pandemic thus far. At the same time, solid financial support and improved research ability, along with network communication technology, also greatly facilitated the application of epidemic prevention measures. These measures were motivated by the need to provide effective treatment of patients, and involved consultation with three major groups in policy formulation—public health experts, the government, and the general public. It was also aided by media and information technology, as well as international cooperation. This experience will provide China and other countries with valuable lessons for quickly coordinating and coping with future public health emergencies.     

Estimating number of families for an urban fox population by using two public data sets

The number of families in the urban fox population of Sapporo, Japan, was estimated from two sets of data reported by the public to government: records of road-killed foxes (information-A) and records of complaints about foxes (information-B). We assumed that fox populations consist of families that have exclusive home ranges, i.e., territories, during the period between gestation and dispersal. The urban area was then divided into hexagons that correspond to the territories. The locations from the two sets of records during the territorial period were plotted on the map. The number of fox families for which information-A and/or B was reported was estimated by counting the number of hexagons that include the record. The total number of families was estimated by using a double-observation method. We adopted Chapman’s unbiased estimator which is based on the hypergeometric distribution that corresponds to the conditional likelihood. We demonstrated the possibility of estimating the abundance of animals from government data such as road kill and complaints if the animals have territories. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Comparative study on floristic diversity of protected and unprotected Forests of Sathan Gali,District Mansehra,KP, Pakistan

This first ever study was carried out to explore the floristic composition of protected and unprotected forests of Sathan Gali, District Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. The study area being the part of the Western Himalayas harbours rich floristic diversity. In the current investigation, an effort was made to record primary data about floral diversity of the area. The study area was visited recurrently during 2013 and 2014. Plants were collected from different sampling sites, identified, preserved and deposited in Herbarium of Hazara University, Mansehra. A total of 127 plants species including 59 common and 68 different were found in 13 stands of reserved forest. The different species were only confined with this forest whereas common plant species were distributed in both forests. The dominant family was Asteraceae (13 species, 10.7%) followed by Labiateae (10 species, 7.75%), Poaceae and Rosaceae (8 species, 6.2%) each, Polygonaceae and Pteridaceae by (5 species, 3.87%) each. Angiosperms were represented by 118 (92.91%), plant species, Pteridophytes 5(3.93%) species and Gymnosperms 4 (3.14%) species were recorded in reserved forest. Only single species of climber was documented. The number of herbs, shrubs and trees species recorded were 73.64%, 13.17% and 10.07% respectively. A total of 103 plant species of 55 families including 61 common in both forest types and 42 species different to guzara Forest. These plant species were recorded from 22 sampling stands. Angiosperms by (92.3%) plant species, Gymnosperms (2.88%) and Pteridophytes (4.8%) were recorded. The dominant family was Poaceae by 11 plant species followed by Asteraceae and Rosaceae each represented by 10 species and Pteridaceae by 5 plant species. Habit wise 69.23% were herbs, 14.42% shrubs and 16.34% species of tree were reported. This study will assist ecologists, botanists, taxonomist, conservationists and policy makers to mend, and manage the current vegetation status and sustainability for upcoming generations. The present investigation will also serves as base line for future researches on the Himalaya regions.     

Standardizing CAR-T therapy: Getting it scaled up

CAR-T therapy, grafting the specificity of a monoclonal antibody onto a T cell to target certain cancer cells, has been recognized as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer control as evidenced by the two CAR-T products proved by FDA in 2017. However, the unique heterogeneity of CAR-T therapy has restricted its production in a limited number of institutions and made it a boutique oncotherapy. By reviewing outstanding issues surrounding the commercial scale production of CAR-T therapy, we conclude that achieving mass production of CAR-T therapy without sacrificing its personalized nature is a worldwild challenge for making CAR-T a key element in the next generation of precision medicine, which can be achieved by standardizing 7 prominent factors that collectively determine the scale of CAR-T manufacturing.     

Aboriginal ‘Difference’ and ‘Autonomy’ Then and Now: Four Decades of Change in a Western Desert Society

In just a few decades, Aboriginal people living near Australia's Western Desert fringe have experienced an extraordinarily intense trajectory of change: from a highly autonomous nomadic existence, through ‘first contacts’, the pastoral and mission frontiers, the devastating impacts of alcohol and of Western lifestyle diseases, the outstation movement, resource exploration and mining, a long but largely successful struggle for native title, and much else. In this paper, notions of ‘difference’ and ‘autonomy’ are used to explore these transformations. The situation among the Mardu is here linked to the gulf between government policies and lived Aboriginal experience. If the self‐management thrust of 1970s policies achieved partial restoration of Aboriginal autonomy, recent Federal Government policies are intent on intervention to reduce difference and claw back some of that autonomy. Their determination to force Aboriginal people out of their ‘dysfunctional’ ‘cultural museums’ (homeland settlements) and into greater economic engagement ignores the crucial underpinnings of security and identity among remote Aborigines. The retention of difference, albeit at considerable social cost and entrenched disadvantage, is still strongly preferred by Mardu to the kinds of engagement with the dominant society that not only assault their sense of self but also threaten to overwhelm whatever autonomy remains to them.     

新形势下加强医疗服务质量监管的路径选择

卫生服务质量包括公共卫生服务质量和医疗服务质量。其中,医疗服务质量直接关系到患者的生命与健康,是卫生服务的核心工作。目前,医疗服务市场”信息不对称”,因此,如何有效的监管医疗机构的服务质量成为政府的重要职责之一。本文在明确医疗服务质量监管内涵的基础上,结合我国监管现状,指出我国医疗服务领域所存在的监管主体单一、监管力量薄弱、监管法规有待完善、监管过程缺乏常态化、监管结果未能及时公开等方面的不足,并针对上述不足之处,提出四点政策建议：一是以政府为核心,培育多元监管主体;二是以信息化建设为平台,创新监管手段;三是以法规建设为重点,完善监管体系;四是加强监管结果的运用。     

林地确权、政府管制与资源异质性农户林业管护行为——基于湖南省7年连续观测数据

新一轮集体林权制度变迁后农户成为集体林区商品林和公益林的经营管护主体,本研究基于林地资源属性差异将农户分为商品林农户与公益林农户,阐释了林地确权与政府管制作用于两类资源异质性农户林业管护行为的影响及差异。研究表明：林地确权能有效激励两类资源异质性农户林业管护意愿和管护强度;林木采伐管制对商品林农户林业管护行为没有产生消极影响,但对公益林农户林业管护行为有显著消极影响;林权抵押贷款管制消极影响公益林农户林业管护行为;生态补偿不能直接促进公益林农户林业管护行为,但其能有效弱化林木采伐管制和林权抵押贷款管制的消极影响,促进公益林农户林业管护行为。本研究对深化集体林权制度改革、进一步完善林改配套政策有重要意义。     

一种新型瓷嵌体修复用树脂粘接材料生物安全性评价

目的:初步评价一种新型瓷嵌体修复用树脂粘接材料的生物安全性。方法:按照国标GB16886.5-1997,医药行业标准YY/T0268-2001、YY/T0279-1995、以及YY/T 0244-1996所规定的方法对本院材料科新研制的复合树脂粘接材料的生物安全性进行评价,内容包括短期急性全身毒性试验,粘膜刺激实验,细胞毒性试验。结果:此种新型瓷嵌体修复用树脂粘接材料无细胞毒性,无短期全身毒性,对口腔黏膜无刺激。结论:此种新型瓷嵌体修复用树脂粘接材料具有良好的生物安全性,可以进行进一步安全性检测。     

The Procurement Team as a Factor of Bone Allograft Contamination

We studied the effect of the procurement team on the risk of contamination in 270 large bone allografts retrieved from 53 non-living donors under strictly aseptic conditions.The overall contamination rate was 8.1%. When the procurement team was constituted by three or less members the contamination rate was 5.6%, while if there were four or more members the rate was 12.9%; this difference was significant in the statistical analysis.We conclude that a procurement team constituted by three or less trained members is a determinant factor in decreasing the bacterial contamination rate of bone allografts.