Crystal structure and aqueous solubility of ammonium D-glucarate

Ammonium D-glucarate, NH(4)(C(6)H(9)O(8)) [ammonium D-saccharate, NH(4)-SAC], has been synthesized, and its crystal structure solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. NH(4)-SAC crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) (#4) with cell parameters a = 4.8350(4) Angstroms, b = 11.0477(8) Angstroms, c = 16.7268(12) Angstroms, beta = 90.973(1) degrees, V = 894.34(12) Angstroms(3), Z = 3. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares on F(2) yielding final R-values (all data) R1 = 0.0353 and R(w)2 = 0.0870. The structure consists of alternating (NH(4))(+) and (C(6)H(11)O(6))(-) layers parallel to the bc plane. An extended network of N-H...O(SAC) and O(SAC)-H...O(SAC) hydrogen bonds provide the 3-D connectivity. The aqueous solubility (S(w)) has been shown to be pH independent at ambient conditions within the range 4.5 < pH < 10 with S(w) = 2.19 M/L, whose value is about a factor of two lower than that of the ammonium isosaccharate analogue.     

利用小动物 SPECT／CT 和99m锝-葡糖二酸评估急性缺血坏死心肌动物

目的：利用99m锝-葡糖二酸（99mTc-Glucarate）和小动物SPECT/CT评估大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤后缺血坏死心肌的位置和范围。方法建立大鼠急性缺血再灌注损伤模型,手术1 d后尾静脉注射99m Tc-Glucarate,注射30 min后利用小动物SPECT/CT融合技术分析99m锝-葡糖二酸标记的心肌组织的位置和范围,并与氯化三苯基四氮唑（ triphenyltetrazolium chloride ,TTC）染色法标记的缺血坏死心肌比较。结果小动物SPECT/CT结果显示手术组心肌坏死部位的99m锝-葡糖二酸的放射性摄取率（心肝比值1.90±0.33）明显高于正常组大鼠（ P＜0.05）,利用小动物SPECT/CT融合技术定位的缺血坏死心肌范围和TTC染色法的测量结果呈线性相关（R2＝0.964）。结论通过99m锝-葡糖二酸可以特异性地标记急性缺血坏死心肌,利用小动物SPECT/CT融合技术可以无创性地分析急性缺血坏死心肌的位置和范围。