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This paper focuses on a role for ATP neurotransmission and gliotransmission in the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures.
ATP along with gap junctions propagates the glial calcium wave, which is an extraneuronal signalling pathway in the central
nervous system. Recently astrocyte intercellular calcium waves have been shown to underlie seizures, and conventional antiepileptic
drugs have been shown to attenuate these calcium waves. Blocking ATP-mediated gliotransmission, therefore, represents a potential
target for antiepileptic drugs. Furthermore, while knowledge of an antiepileptic role for adenosine is not new, a recent study
showed that adenosine accumulates from the hydrolysis of accumulated ATP released by astrocytes and is believed to inhibit
distant synapses by acting on adenosine receptors. Such a mechanism is consistent with a surround-inhibitory mechanism whose
failure would predispose to seizures. Other potential roles for ATP signalling in the initiation and spread of epileptiform
discharges may involve synaptic plasticity and coordination of synaptic networks. We conclude by making speculations about
future developments. 相似文献
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Summary. Gliotransmission is a process in which astrocytes are dynamic elements that influence synaptic transmission and synaptogenesis.
The best-known gliotransmitters are glutamate and ATP. However, in the past decade, it has been demonstrated that D-serine,
a D-amino acid, acts as a gliotransmitter in glutamatergic synapses. The physiological relevance of D-serine is sustained
by the way in which it modulates the action of glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuronal migration and long-term potentiation
(LTP). In addition, the synthesis and degradation mechanisms of D-serine have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets
for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia and related disorders. In the present review, detailed information
is provided about the physiological and physiopathological relevance of D-serine, including metabolic and regulation aspects. 相似文献
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