有机硅橡胶固定化细胞进行的生物转化

有机硅橡胶固定化细胞进行的生物转化潘冰峰,戴学倩,冯青,李祖义（中国科学院上海有机化学研究所,２０００３２）关键词硅橡胶;白地霉;固定化细胞;生物转化近年来,有机化学领域的一个重要进展是用酶或微生物进行生物转化反应。其中研究和应用较多的是碳基还原,特...     

黑节草双受精过程及胚胎发育的研究

黑节草从传粉到受精约需１３０ｄ,精子在花粉管中形成,胚囊发育属蓼型胚囊,因反足细胞较早退化,故受精前胚囊多只由卵器和中央细胞组成。精卵核融合时,精核染色质进入卵核后凝集成颗粒状,并在原位与卵核的染色质融合,雌、雄性核仁一直维持至合子的第一次分裂期前。双受精作用正常,属于有丝分裂前配子融合类型,初生胚乳核发生２－３次分裂后逐渐退化消失,胚的发育局限于球形胚阶段。     

Parasitic specialization ofGeotrichum candidum citrus race

Parasitic specialization ofGeotrichum candidum citrus race, the causal agent of citrus sour rot, was investigated. Of seven isolates tested for pathogenecity, all could infect ten species of citrus fruits and edible parts of five species of noncitrus crops. Only one isolate (Ap2), isolated from soil of an apple orchard, could infect apple fruit.     

Arabitol accumulation in Geotrichum candidum

Culture conditions which lead to the intracellular accumulation of arabitol and mannitol in Geotrichum candidum were investigated. The accumulation of arabitol was dependent on the concentrations of metabolizable hexoses, the non-metabolizable disaccharide sucrose, NaCl and KCl in the growth medium. In media containing 2% (w/v) glucose, fructose or l-sorbose cultures contained only mannitol after 48 h or 72 h growth. In media containing 10% (w/v) to 30% (w/v) glucose, or 25% (w/v) fructose or l-sorbose there was an increase in the total concentration of intracellular polyol due to the accumulation of arabitol. This pentitol was also found to accumulate intracellularly when the organism was grown in medium containing 34% (w/v) sucrose, 0.7 M NaCl or 0.7 M KCl in addition to 2% (w/v) glucose. Under the conditions tested no change in the accumulation of mannitol or ethanol-soluble carbohydrate, believed to be primarily composed of trehalose, was evident.Intracellular polyol was released during incubation of arthrospores obtained from media containing 25% or 10% glucose, in distilled water at 25° C, but no polyol was released under these conditions from arthrospores obtained from growth in 2% glucose medium.     

氮源和真菌诱导子对铁皮石斛原球茎悬浮培养的影响

利用正交实验设计研究不同种类和浓度的氮源对铁皮石斛原球茎生长的影响,利用完全随机实验设计研究不同真菌诱导子对铁皮石斛原球茎生长和多糖积累的影响.结果表明硝态氮促进铁皮石斛原球茎鲜重和干重的增加( P ＜0.05);铵态氮促进铁皮石斛原球茎鲜重增加( P ＜0.05).无论鲜重还是干重,硝态氮和铵态氮的影响均不存在互作,最佳组合为:67-V培养液 100 mg/L (NH4)2SO4 800 mg/L KNO3 30 g/L蔗糖 200 g/L马铃薯提取汁.F检验的结果表明,14种真菌诱导子对铁皮石斛原球茎生物量的增加(鲜重与干重)均无显著性影响( P ＞0.05).但与对照铁皮石斛原球茎的多糖含量相比,真菌诱导子g6、g14、g5、g4处理可使其多糖含量分别提高14%、9%、6%、4%.本研究获得了有利于铁皮石斛原球茎生长的硝态氮和铵态氮的最佳搭配方案以及有利于铁皮石斛原球茎积累多糖的四种真菌诱导子,表明通过液体悬浮培养生产铁皮石斛原球茎及其多糖成分具有较好的开发应用前景.     

Different bioreactor configurations for the decolourisation of the azo dye reactive black 5 by Geotrichum sp. CCMI 1019

Decolourisation of the azo dye Reactive Black 5 by Geotrichum sp. CCMI 1019 was studied using stirred tank reactors (STR) and two types of bubble columns (porous plate (PP) bubble column and aeration tube (AT) bubble column). For the bubble columns, the k_La increased with the gas fractional hold-up (ε_G) and the aeration rate. A linear relationship between ε_G and superficial gas velocity was obtained for all reactors. At same aeration rates, the PP bubble columns showed higher k_La and hold-up values than the AT bubble column. In the STRs, large and dense aggregates were formed which adhered to surfaces whereas bubble columns gave smaller and less compact pellets.

Manganese peroxidase and laccase were detected in the extracellular media in all reactors. However, laccase was only detected after the onset of decolourisation, suggesting that additional enzymes may be involved. Mn peroxidase activity was detected (about 46 U/ml) in both the STRs and AT bubble columns but higher values (110 U/ml) were obtained with the PP bubble columns.

Out of the three reactor systems studied, the AT bubble columns gave the most favourable results for Reactive Black 5 decolourisation. Rapid and complete colour removal was obtained throughout the visible spectrum. Bubble columns are simple in design as well as operation and may be useful for the bioremediation of textile wastewater.     

铁皮石斛茎段诱导丛生芽的研究

以铁皮石斛Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl.的茎段作外植体,比较不同的培养基、激素等因素对茎段分化丛生芽的影响,以及不同浓度的香蕉汁和活性炭对试管苗生根的影响。结果表明：1／2MS较好,BA作用优于KT、ZT,最适浓度为2．0mg/L;丛生芽培养于1／2MS 10％香蕉汁 0．5％AC的培养基上,生根效果最好。     

影响深红酵母和白地霉产生胞外蛋白和多肽的因素

采用白地霉2.498-47在以蛋白胨为氮源发酵时,只在开始pH3.2左右产生胞外蛋白,NH_4~+则无此限制,还有助于胞外多肽的产生。深红酵母2.280胞外蛋白的最大产率约在pH5.8;尿素作唯一氮源效果最好,与蛋白胨合并使用,可产胞外蛋白约800μg/ml。酵母膏对生长和产胞外蛋白很必要,不能用玉米浆和麦芽汁代替。用0.05N NaOH浸洗不同pH和氮源所培养的细胞都能浸出胞内蛋白,接近400μg/ml。发酵产生胞外蛋白自一日后开始,至二日接近最大量,以后逐渐减少。多肽产生起自第二日,五日未达到最大量。两株酵母菌都不表现蛋白酶活性,因此这个现象还不能解释。     

菌根真菌─新种─—石斛小菇(英文)

从云南省野生铁皮石斛（Dendrobiumcandidumwall．ExLindl．）根中分离出一菌根真菌,经系统形态学研究后,将其鉴定为小菇属（Mycena）一新种：石斛小菇（Mycenadendrobii）。标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本室（HMAS）。用石斛小菇伴播12种兰科植物种子,实验结果表明该真菌对天麻（Gastrodiaelata）和密花石斛（Dendrobiumdensdlorum）种子萌发有明显促进作用。     

降解三硝基甲苯的酵母和类酵母菌的研究

从受三硝基甲苯（TNT）严重污染的土壤和废水中分离筛选到17株可降解TNT的酵母菌和白地霉。其中6株为克鲁斯假丝酵母（Candidakrusei）,4株为橡树假丝酵母（C.quercitrusa）,一株为无名假丝酵母（C.famata）,一株为伯杰汉逊酵母（Hansenulabeijerinckii）,一株为亚膜汉逊酵母（H.subpelliculosa）,4株为白地霉（Geotrichumcandidum）。对其中6株菌进行了降解TNT的条件实验,发现降解TNT的适宜pH为7,温度为37～40℃。在含75～80mg／LTNT的培养基中,40h内能降解TNT56～74mg／L,去除率达71％～93％。在培养基中加入0．01％～0．05％的葡萄糖作碳源,或加入0.01％～0．1％的酵母膏对6株菌降解TNT的能力略有促进作用。加入铵盐作为氮源则明显抑制这些菌对TNT的降解。