Generation mean analyses for flowering and maturity in Indian mustard (Brassica junces (L.) Czern & Coss)

Summary Components of generation means were partitioned for days to flower initiation and maturity in three crosses of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss) cultivars. A linked digenics model was adequate for flowering in cross II and maturity in Cross I. All three types of digenic interactions among the linked pairs of genes, additive X additive (i), additive X dominance (j) and dominance X dominance (1), contributed significantly in the inheritance of flowering in cross II and maturity in cross I. A complete association among the genes of greater effects in higher mean parent was detected for flowering in cross II and maturity in Cross I. Duplicate epistasis was evident for flowering in Crosses I and II and maturity in Crosses I and III.Inadequacy of all the fitted models for days to flowering in Cross III and maturity in Cross II indicated the presence of higher order interactions.Part of PhD (plant breeding) Thesis, submitted by senior author to GBPUAT, Pantnagar (Nainital) U.P., India (unpublished). Research paper No. 4262     

甘蓝型油菜芥酸和二十碳烯酸含量的基因效应

以甘蓝型油菜的4种纯合芥酸基因型之间所有可能的6个杂交组合的P_1、P_2、F_1、P_2、B_1和B_2世代为材料,用生统遗传学方法研究了芥酸和二十碳烯酸的基因作用形式及效应。发现无论亲本是单基因差异还是二基因差异,F_1和F_2代的芥酸含量都接近中亲值,F_1略大于中亲值和F_(20)世代均值分析表明,芥酸含量的遗传符合加性显性模型,加性效应占绝对优势,显性效应不显著。用数量遗传学方法估计的芥酸基因数与已知的结果相近。     

Genetics of leaf blight resistance in wheat

Summary Studies on the genetics of leaf blight caused byAlternaria triticina using generation mean analysis revealed that additive components played a major role, but that dominance components also contributed significantly in controlling the variability for leaf blight resistance in wheat crosses. Furthermore, the additive x additive type of epistasis was predominant in the first three crosses, whereas in the fourth cross additive x dominance (j) and dominance x dominance (1) components of epistasis were most significant. Because of this it may be desirable to follow a simple recurrent selection scheme for higher tolerance, to isolate resistant plants from the segregating populations derived from crosses of parents of diverse origin following the pedigree method of breeding. CPAN-1887 was very tolerant to leaf blight in the present study and should be utilized in hybridization programs to develop leaf-blight-resistant varieties.     

Relation between macronuclear DNA and total protein content and generation time in thechilodonella steini (Ciliata) sister cells

Summary Using the monotone dependence function (mdf) together with correlation coefficient it was found that the Ma-DNA content as well as total protein content are regularly, linearly, positively and strongly dependent in sister cells (proter-opisthe) ofChilodonella steini. Additionally it was shown that proter-opisthe ordering is irrelevant to Ma-DNA and protein contents.Analysis of sister cell generation times (TG) confirmed the existence of regular, linear, positive and strong codependence.The relations between Ma-DNA and total protein contents, between protein content and TG, and between Ma-DNA content and TG were also described. There is a weak, linear dependence between Ma-DNA and total protein contents. Relations of TG and Ma-DNA content or TG and total protein content are non-linear and not even monotone. Low and high levels of DNA or proteins are connected with long generation times.     

胚乳性状的遗传模型和世代平均数

谷类作物的胚乳是三倍体组织,胚乳性状受3N遗传控制。本文分析了胚乳性状的遗传特征,建立了相应的遗传模型,推导了世代群体的平均数分量,并提出了研究胚乳性状基因效应的一些简单的交配设计。     

Inheritance of resistance to blackmold (Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler) in two interspecific crosses of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum ×L. cheesmanii f.typicum)

Inheritance of resistance to blackmold, a disease of ripe tomato fruit caused byAlternaria alternata, was studied in two interspecific crosses. The parents, F₁ and F₂ generations of a cross between the susceptibleLycopersicon esculentum Mill. cultivar Hunt 100 and the resistantL. Cheesmanii f.typicum Riley accession LA 422, and the parents, F₁, F₂, F₃, and BC₁ P₂ generations of a cross between the susceptibleL. Esculentum cv. VF 145B-7879 and LA 422 were evaluated. The following disease evaluation traits were used: symptom rating (a symptom severity rating based on visual evaluation of lesions), diseased fruit (the number of diseased fruits divided by the total number of fruit scored), and lesion size (a function derived from the actual lesion diameter). Generation means analysis was used to determine gene action. The data of the Hunt 100 × LA 422 cross fit an additive-dominance model for all three traits. The VF 145B-7879 × LA 422 cross data best fit a model that included the additive × additive and additive × dominance interaction components for the trait diseased fruit, whereas higher-order epistatic models would have to be invoked to fit the data for the traits symptom rating and lesion size. A minimum of one gene segregated for all three traits. Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 to 0.16 for all three traits, indicating that selection for improved resistance to blackmold will require selection on a family performance basis.     

Metagenomics analysis of the fecal microbiota in Ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) and Green pheasants (Phasianus versicolor) using next generation sequencing

Pheasant reintroduction and conservation efforts have been in place in Pakistan since the 1980 s, yet there is still a scarcity of data on pheasant microbiome and zoonosis. Instead of growing vast numbers of bacteria in the laboratory, to investigate the fecal microbiome, pheasants (green and ring neck pheasant) were analyzed using 16S rRNA metagenomics and using IonS5TMXL sequencing from two flocks more than 10 birds. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) cluster analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis was performed using Mothur software against the SSUrRNA database of SILVA and the MUSCLE (Version 3.8.31) software. Results of the analysis showed that firmicutes were the most abundant phylum among the top ten phyla, in both pheasant species, followed by other phyla such as actinobacteria and proteobacteria in ring necked pheasant and bacteroidetes in green necked pheasant. Bacillus was the most relatively abundant genus in both pheasants followed by Oceanobacillus and Teribacillus for ring necked pheasant and Lactobacillus for green necked pheasant. Because of their well-known beneficial characteristics, these genus warrants special attention. Bird droppings comprise germs from the urinary system, gut, and reproductive sites, making it difficult to research each anatomical site at the same time. We conclude that metagenomic analysis and classification provides baseline information of the pheasant fecal microbiome that plays a role in disease and health.     

Illumina-Solexa测序数据质量评估系统的构建

目的：针对下一代测序数据量大、序列长度短的特点,研究数据分析和质量评估方法。方法：选择已发布的Illumina-Solexa平台测序数据为研究对象,通过MAQ软件将测序数据与人类全基因组序列进行比对,并以外显子区域为例,在位点水平对测序数据质量进行评估。结果：结合已有软件系统和本文自创线性算法,建立了一套包括比对、拼接在内的测序数据质量评估系统。比对分析后,发现原始测序序列共覆盖了127,113,378个位点,涉及24条染色体上的64868个外显子。其中,每个位点都被测到的外显子为0.50%,位点平均测序深度大于等于1的外显子为3.98%。结论：成功构建了基于Illumina-Solexa测序平台的数据分析和质量评估方法,其可适用于其它第二代测序平台。研究者可在质量评估的基础上完善测序试验设计,并进行SNP和突变筛选及后续功能性研究。     

利用各世代的小区平均数估计遗传参数的加权最小二乘法

本文提出了在随机区组设计下利用六个世代的小区平均数估计加性-显性-二基因互作模型的各参数、检验该模型的加权最小二乘法的基本步骤。     

Automatic methods for characterization of sexual dimorphism of adult femora: distal femur

Quantifying sex differences in femoral size and shape has extensive applications in forensics and prosthesis design. By applying strong statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), certain three-dimensional (3D) morphological variations of adult femora can be quantified over various femoral sizes. Coupling this statistical approach with a novel feature generation and extraction technique, localization of statistically significant (p < 0.05) features are automatically defined and measured. Also, predefined anatomical landmarks and surgical axes have been calculated automatically. In all methods, femoral scale is controlled as a possible parameter of shape. By extensively comparing measurements across 92 male and 74 female femora, the dimorphic characteristics of the distal femur are shown. These differences have not been accounted for in many prosthetic systems and consequently these systems have limited sizing accuracy.