妊娠期糖尿病患者氧化应激水平变化及临床意义*

目的:研究GDM孕妇与正常孕妇血清MDA、SOD及GSH水平变化,探索它们与GDM之间的相互关系,追踪各组妊娠结局研究其临床意义。方法:选取175例孕妇为研究对象,分为GDM组(93例)和对照组(82例)。采用微量法测定血清丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,并对妊娠结局进行相关性分析。结果:(1) GDM组年龄、孕前体重、BMI值均高于对照组,GSH和SOD水平均低于对照组,MDA水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2) GDM组MDA水平与孕前体重呈负相关(r=-0.3547,P0.05),SOD水平与新生儿出生体重呈正相关(r=0.3292,P0.05),SOD值与早产之间有密切联系(足月产12.68±0.85 vs.早产8.08±1.18, P 0.05),GSH、SOD水平与孕前体重之间,MDA、GSH水平与新生儿出生体重之间,MDA、GSH水平与早产之间均无明显相关性(P0.05),MDA、GSH和SOD水平与剖宫产及胎膜早破均无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:GDM存在明显的氧化应激反应,GSH、MDA与SOD可以作为评估GDM氧化应激的有效标志物,其与不良妊娠结局有关。     

不同稻作方式对稻田杂草群落的影响

运用半试验与调查相结合的方法,以贵州省从江县传统农业区的糯稻和杂交稻为例,研究了在水稻单作（R）、稻-鱼（R-F）和稻-鱼-鸭（R-F-D）3种不同稻作方式下稻田杂草群落的特征.结果表明：糯稻在3种稻作方式下的抑制杂草能力均优于杂交稻;R-F-D显著降低了田间杂草的发生密度,对鸭舌草、节节菜等的抑制效果达到100%,总体抑制杂草效果显著优于其他稻作方式,杂草的物种丰富度及Shannon多样性指数显著降低,Pielou均匀度指数提高,表明群落物种组成发生了很大的改变,降低了原来优势杂草的发生, 是一种较好的可达到抑制杂草效果的稻作方式.     

High iron level in early pregnancy increased glucose intolerance

High iron stores in pregnancy are essential in preventing negative outcomes for both infants and mothers; however the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might also be increased. We intend to study the relationship between increased iron stores in early pregnancy and the risk of glucose intolerance and GDM. This prospective, observational, single-hospital study involved 104 non-anemic pregnant women, divided into 4 groups based on the quartile values for ferritin at the first trimester of pregnancy. All participants were screened for GDM with 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks’ gestation. We observed that ferritin levels at early pregnancy were significantly correlated to glucose level after OGTT at 1-h and 2-h (rho = 0.21, p < 0.05; rho = 0.43, p < 0.001 respectively). Furthermore, in the higher quartile for ferritin (>38.8 μg/L) glycemia at 2-h OGTT was significantly higher than in the others quartiles (p = 0.002). In multivariate regression analysis, serum ferritin was a significant determinant of glycemia at 2-h OGTT. Although we did not find a significant association in the incidence of GDM in women with higher serum ferritin levels, probably in reason to the limit power of our study, our data demonstrated that the role of iron excess is tightly involved in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance. We report for the first time that high ferritin values in early pregnancy are predictors of impaired glucose tolerance in non-anemic women. Individual iron supplementation should be evaluated in order to minimize glucose impairment risk in women with high risk of diabetes.     

Insertion and deletion polymorphism in the alpha-2B adrenoceptor gene in pregnant women ripens gestational diabetes mellitus

There are no earlier studies that reported the association of the 12Glu9 polymorphism in the alpha-2B adrenoceptor (ADRA2B) gene with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We examined the potential association between the ADRA2B gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the Saudi population with GDM. Pregnant women with GDM have been reported to exhibit the same susceptibility as that observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have selected I/D polymorphism of the ADRA2B gene located in chromosome 2q11.1 that has been extensively related to T2DM and cardiovascular diseases. This case–control study was conducted with 200 GDM and 300 non-GDM pregnant women. Genotyping of I/D polymorphism was performed by conventional PCR method. Biochemical analyses were found to be significantly different between GDM and non-GDM subjects (p < 0.05). Genotype (ID + DD vs II, p = 0.0002) and allele (D vs I, p = 0.0002) frequencies of the 12Glu9 polymorphism were found to be statistically significant. However, a significant difference was found between allele and genotypes of I/D polymorphism of the ADRA2B gene or the clinical characteristics of the subjects. Our results obtained in this study indicate the ADRA2B gene in the Saudi women was associated with the development of GDM.     

孕妇维生素D缺乏与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性分析

目的:调查孕妇妊娠早期维生素D水平及其影响因素,探讨维生素D缺乏与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性。方法:选取2012年7月至2013年4月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院产科正规产检并分娩的非孕前糖尿病孕妇,在其建卡初检时采用电化学发光免疫技术测定血清25(OH)D3水平;妊娠24-28周行糖筛查及糖耐量试验,诊断是否为妊娠期糖尿病GDM。收集并整理孕妇年龄,孕前体重指数BMI、维生素D测定孕周与测定季节、孕期维生素D补充情况等信息。结果:1000例孕妇中,GDM发病率为11.5%,维生素D缺乏比例占67.4%;其中,约有54%孕妇常规补充复合维生素,约含维生素400 IU/天,10%孕妇常规补充维生素D。GDM孕妇25(OH)D3水平显著低于正常对照组(P=0.007)。维生素D缺乏孕妇发生GDM的风险是维生素D水平较高组的1.944倍,且在秋冬季更易发生GDM。可以考虑在孕14-16周进行维生素D水平的早期测定。结论:孕妇维生素D缺乏十分普遍。妊娠早期孕妇低维生素D水平可能增加孕妇胰岛素抵抗及孕期发生GDM的发生风险。