A Bryophyte Flora of Wigtownahire

Abstract

Fissidens macaoensis L. Zhang is described as a new species from Macao, South China. The species can be separated from its congeners by a suite of characters, including (1) minute size; (2) subterraneous tubers, composed of one to several cells, growing laterally from mature rhizoids; (3) abundant rhizoidal gemmae found on the surface of the soil and which are developed from subterraneous rhizoids; and (4) relatively large cells of the leaf lamina. This is the first report of a moss where two types of vegetative diaspores occur simultaneously in a single individual. Their adaptation strategy is briefly addressed.     

基于ISSR数据探讨卷叶凤尾藓(Fissidens dubius P.Beauv.)遗传多样性

卷叶凤尾藓(Fissidens dubius P.Beauv.)是凤尾藓科凤尾藓属植物,该种分布广泛,形态变异强烈。为了解其遗传多样性及种群遗传结构特点,本研究利用ISSR分子标记对采集于浙江、福建、广西、四川、辽宁5个省区的卷叶凤尾藓14个自然种群的遗传多样性进行了评价。结果显示:筛选出的12对引物共扩增出259条清晰、重复性高的条带,其中多态性位点有248个,多态位点百分率为95.75%;种群总的Nei's基因多样性指数为0.2327,Shannon's信息指数为0.3701,说明卷叶凤尾藓遗传多样性水平较高;14个种群的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.7078,种群间的基因流(Nm)为0.1864,表明大部分遗传变异(72.01%)存在于种群间,27.99%的遗传变异存在于种群内,即卷叶凤尾藓种群间遗传分化明显。基于ISSR数据的聚类分析表明,在遗传距离50为分组阈值处,14个种群可被分为6组(G1~G6):G1为来自于浙江省不同采集地点的8个种群(JHBS除外);G2由浙江金华北山种群(JHBS)组成;G3包括福建武夷山(WYS)和天宝岩种群(TBY);G4、G5、G6分别由广西龙胜县花坪种群(GX)、四川龙池种群(LC)、辽宁白石砬子保护区种群(BSLZ)组成,表明卷叶凤尾藓种群间的遗传分化主要由地理距离造成,种群内的遗传分化可能与其生境的异质性有关。     

Notes on the little known moss Fissidens firmus Mitt. (Fissidentaceae)

Abstract

Fissidens firmus is revised, described, illustrated and a distribution is provided. It is compared to Fissidens hollianus, Fissidens pseudofirmus, Fissidens sedgwickii and Fissidens touwii. It is provisionally distinguished from F. firmus sensu auct. Fissidens multiflorus is reduced to F. hollianus. Lectotypes are designated for Fissidens multiflorus and Fissidens giesenhagenii. The collection that was reported from India as F. firmus appears to be F. hollianus. Thus, the present Western Ghats collection is effectively the first Indian record of F. firmus.     

云南紫胶虫与粗纹举腹蚁之间的互利关系

为了明确云南紫胶虫Kerria yunnanensis和粗纹举腹蚁Crematogaster macaoensis之间的相互作用关系, 于2009年4月至2010年10月, 在云南省墨江县雅邑乡紫胶种植园, 结合野外调查和室内试验对比研究了粗纹举腹蚁取食人工食物、 云南紫胶虫排泄的蜜露和无食物的3种处理下粗纹举腹蚁个体体重和存活率的变化, 以及在粗纹举腹蚁垄断蜜露、 自然条件下和无蚂蚁照顾的3种处理下云南紫胶虫个体怀卵量、 虫体大小、 死亡率和生活史周期的变化。结果显示： 云南紫胶虫排泄的蜜露是一种高质量的食物资源, 能够稳定增加粗纹举腹蚁工蚁的体重百分比［人工食物（44.55%）>蜜露（25.81%）>无食物（-4.13%）］ （F_（2,54）=18.81; P＜0.01）, 并提高其存活率［人工食物（85.78%）>蜜露（82.48%）>无食物（78.74%）］ （F_（2,55）=7.31; P＜0.01）。粗纹举腹蚁取食蜜露的同时, 有利于增加单位面积上云南紫胶虫的雌虫数量［蚂蚁垄断蜜露（80.81%）>自然状态（75.55%）>无蚂蚁照顾（75.33%）］ （F_（2,143）=54.08; P＜0.01）, 提高云南紫胶虫的个体怀卵量［蚂蚁垄断蜜露（401.85粒）>自然状态（395.73粒）>无蚂蚁照顾（353.34粒）］ （F_（2,144）=4.82; P＜0.01）, 降低云南紫胶虫的死亡率［蚂蚁垄断蜜露（89.42%）<自然状态（89.78%）<无蚂蚁照顾（90.82%）］ （F_（2,146）=3.45; P＜0.05）; 云南紫胶虫虫体有变小的趋势［蚂蚁垄断蜜露（12.92 mm²）<自然状态（13.04 mm²）<无蚂蚁照顾（14.90 mm²）］ （F_（2,147）=10.88; P＜0.01）, 生活史周期变长［蚂蚁垄断蜜露（203.96 d）>无蚂蚁照顾（202.85 d）>自然状态（200.00 d）］ （F_（2,71）=19.77; P＜0.01）, 提示粗纹举腹蚁取食蜜露增加了云南紫胶虫的代谢压力。结果说明, 以蜜露为纽带的粗纹举腹蚁和云南紫胶虫之间的相互作用关系是兼性互利的。     

Interspecific differences in metal bioaccumulation and plant-water concentration ratios in five aquatic bryophytes

We studied the capacity of five species of aquatic bryophyte to accumulate metals, and the relationship between plant metal content and water composition, on the basis of 170 samples taken from 32 rivers in Galicia (NW Spain). In all cases, only the final two centimetres of the apex were analysed. Scapania undulata was the species with the highest accumulatory capacity, and Fissidens polyphyllus was that with the lowest. Fontinalis antipyretica, Rhynchostegium riparioides and Brachythecium rivulare displayed intermediate capacities for metal accumulation, but showed a broader range of variation in body concentration in comparison with similar contamination levels. This resolution capacity, together with a greater resistance to pollution and, in the study region, a wider distribution and higher abundance, suggests that the latter two species are the most useful for bioindication studies. Bioaccumulation factors were high for all metals studied, tending to increase with increasing body concentration but decreasing with increasing water concentration. The relationship between metal in plant and filtrable metal in water was low, but statistically significant for all the metals studied except Co in F. antipyretica and Cd, Pb and Co in S. undulata, F. polyphllyllus and B. rivulare. The influence of physical and chemical variables of the water on bioaccumulation was evaluated using step-wise multiple correlation analysis. Bioaccumulation is largely governed by physical and chemical factors, by the concentration of metal in the water and by the bioaccumulation factor of the bryophyte species. Sulphate concentration, pH and to a lesser extent nitrite, ammonia and FRP (filtrable reactive phosphate) appear to be the most important physical and chemical variables governing metal bioavailability.     

河北省凤尾藓属植物的初步研究

报道了河北省产凤尾藓属（Fissidens Hedw.)植物7种,其中,直叶凤尾藓（F.strictu-lus C.Muell.)、二形凤尾葡（F.geminiflorus Doz.et Molk.)、尖肋凤尾藓（F.becketii Mitt.)、卷叶凤尾藓（Fissidens dubius P.Beauv.)、透明凤尾藓（F.hyalinus Hook.et Wils.l)和裸萼凤尾藓（F.gymnogymus Besch.)6种为河北省藓类新记录种,文中对它们的生境、识别特征和地理分布特点作了初步的讨论。并给出了河北省凤尾藓属植物的分种检索表。