全文获取类型
收费全文 | 283篇 |
免费 | 31篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 14篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 23篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 18篇 |
2010年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有319条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
T. Fatunla K. J. Frey 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1980,56(5):199-202
Summary In both radiated and non-radiated oat populations inbreeding coefficients increased more slowly than was expected on the assumption of full selfing and equal selective values for homozygotes and heterozygotes. Assuming 1% outcrossing for oats and a selective value of 1.0 for the mean, the heterozygotes for two loci governing crown rust reaction have an advantage of 50% over the homozygotes. This study supports previous observations that the heterozygote often has a decided advantage in predominantly self-pollinated crops. 相似文献
2.
Christian Damgaard 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1996,50(4):1425-1431
The fixation rates of selfing rate modifiers were found by stochastic simulation in an infinite site model, including effects of several deleterious alleles with variable effects, which were randomly distributed in the genome without assuming any pollen discounting. Previous results on the evolution of selfing obtained by more precise methods were in this study further validated, and it was concluded that the effect of genetic associations on the evolution of mating systems is small except in the case of full pollen discounting. Furthermore, attention was given to the uneven distribution of the genetic load in the population, and the accompanying large among-genome variation in fixation rates. This among-genome variation will be of significance for the evolution of mating systems. 相似文献
3.
Mark D. Rausher David Augustine Amy VanderKooi 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1993,47(6):1688-1695
Throughout southeastern North America, the annual morning glory Ipomoea purpurea exhibits a polymorphism at a locus that influences the intensity of floral pigmentation. Previous studies have shown that when rare, the homozygous white genotype has a greater selfing rate than the homozygous dark genotype. In the absence of pollen discounting (a reduction in transmission of pollen to other plants by genotypes that exhibit increased selfing) and inbreeding depression, this increased selfing rate should favor the white allele. Experiments reported here confirm that the white genotype has elevated selfing rates when rare but indicate pollen discounting is not associated with elevated selfing. Rather, white genotypes contribute more pollen to the outcross pollen pool. The disparity between genotypes in both selfing rates and success at pollen contribution to other plants disappears at intermediate to high frequencies of the white allele. Pollinator movements are consistent with the pattern of selfing. These results suggest that elevated selfing and enhanced success at pollen donation contribute to maintenance of the white allele in natural populations of morning glories. 相似文献
4.
Jefferey Dole Kermit Ritland 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1993,47(2):361-373
In mixed-mating plant populations, one can estimate the relative fitness of selfed progeny w by measuring the inbreeding coefficient F and selfing rate s of adults of one generation, together with F of adults in the following generation (after selection). In the first application of this multigenerational method, we estimated F and s for adults over three consecutive generations in adjacent populations of two annual Mimulus taxa: the outbreeding M. guttatus and the inbreeding M. platycalyx. This gave estimates of w for the last two generations. Although average multilocus selfing rates were high in both taxa (0.63 in M. guttatus; 0.84 in M. platycalyx), the relative fitness of selfed progeny averaged only 0.19 in M. guttatus and 0.32 in M. platycalyx. An alternative estimator for w that incorporates biparental inbreeding gave even lower estimates of w. These values are significantly below the 0.5 threshold thought to favor selfing, and show that partially selfing populations can harbor substantial genetic load. In accordance with the purging hypothesis, the more highly selfing M. platycalyx showed marginally lower inbreeding depression than M. guttatus in both years (P = 0.08). Inbreeding depression and selfing rates also varied among years in concert among taxa. Several sources of bias are discussed, but computer simulations indicate it is unlikely that w is biased downwards by linkage of marker loci to load loci. 相似文献
5.
Abstract Surveys of mating-system parameters in populations of the annual, self-compatible, tristylous, emergent aquatic, Eichhornia paniculata (Pontederiaceae) from N.E. Brazil and Jamaica have indicated that the species exhibits a wide range of outcrossing rates. To investigate whether temporal variation in outcrossing rate was also a feature of populations, open-pollinated families were sampled from five populations of contrasting style morph structure from N.E. Brazil over three consecutive years (1987–1989). Multilocus estimates of outcrossing rate ( t ) were obtained from assays of isozyme polymorphisms using starch gel electrophoresis. There was significant variation both among populations and between years in the frequency of outcrossing. Outcrossing in three tristylous populations was high ( t > 0.80), with relatively small fluctuations occurring over the three-year sampling period. In contrast, in a dimorphic and monomorphic population considerable self-fertilization occurred and the frequency of outcrossing declined significantly from 1987 to 1989 in both populations. In the dimorphic population, increased selfing was associated with a marked reduction in population size and an increase in the frequency of selfing variants of the mid-styled morph. The significance of temporal variation in outcrossing frequency in plant populations is discussed in relation to its effect on population genetic structure and recent models of mating-system evolution. 相似文献
6.
The clam shrimpEulimnadia texana is an androdioecious crustacean in which hermaphrodites may self fertilize or outcross with males but cannot outcross with other hermaphrodites. Outcrossing is maintained within most populations of this species despite the high genetic cost of sex, suggesting that compensating factors provide an advantage to outcrossing. We hypothesized that one such benefit would be the production of larger clutch sizes resulting from outcrossed matings. To test this prediction, we recorded the body sizes and clutch sizes of hermaphrodites which mated via selfing or bia outcrossing. Clutch sizes showed significant, almost exponential, increases as body size increased in both selfing and outcrossing hernmaphrodites. The rate of this increase was the same for both groups, and there was no significant difference in clutch size when body size was controlled for between the two fertilization types. 相似文献
7.
8.
Michael Lynch John Conery Reinhard Bürger 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1995,49(6):1067-1080
Although it is widely acknowledged that the gradual accumulation of mildly deleterious mutations is an important source of extinction for asexual populations, it is generally assumed that this process is of little relevance to sexual species. Here we present results, based on computer simulations and supported by analytical approximations, that indicate that mutation accumulation in small, random-mating monoecious populations can lead to mean extinction times less than a few hundred to a few thousand generations. Unlike the situation in obligate asexuals in which the mean time to extinction (t?e) increases more slowly than linearly with the population carrying capacity (K), t?e increases approximately exponentially with K in outcrossing sexual populations. The mean time to extinction for obligately selfing populations is shown to be equivalent to that for asexual populations of the same size, but with half the mutation rate and twice the mutational effect; this suggests that obligate selfing, like obligate asexuality, is inviable as a long-term reproductive strategy. Under all mating systems, the mean time to extinction increases relatively slowly with the logarithm of fecundity, and mutations with intermediate effects (similar to those observed empirically) cause the greatest risk of extinction. Because our analyses ignore sources of demographic and environmental stochasticity, which have synergistic effects that exacerbate the accumulation of deleterious mutations, our results should yield liberal upper bounds to the mean time to extinction caused by mutational degradation. Thus, deleterious mutation accumulation cannot be ruled out generally as a significant source of extinction vulnerability in small sexual populations or as a selective force influencing mating-system evolution. 相似文献
9.
The uptake of l-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) was studied in normal human red blood cells in vitro using l-[3-14C]DOPA. Uptake was slow, tending towards a distribution ratio close to unity with a half-time to equilibrium of one hour. Uptake was not Na+-dependent. Concentration dependence studies showed both saturable and non-saturable components of uptake, and inhibition studies using l-leucine and l-tryptophan suggest that the L and T systems of red cell amino acid uptake are involved. A powerful inhibitor of both systems, 3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylpropriophenone (U-0521), is described. It is concluded that uptake is by carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion via the L and T systems for which l-DOPA has low affinity. 相似文献
10.
Jrg Bckelmann Karin Tremetsberger Kateina umberov Gudrun Kohl Heinrich Grausgruber Karl‐Georg Bernhardt 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(8):3620-3635
Many ephemeral mudflat species, which rely on a soil seed bank to build up the next generation, are endangered in their natural habitat due to the widespread regulation of rivers. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the soil seed bank and dispersal for the maintenance of genetic diversity in populations of near‐natural river habitats and anthropogenic habitats created by traditional fish farming practices using Cyperus fuscus as a model. Using microsatellite markers, we found no difference in genetic diversity levels between soil seed bank and above‐ground population and only moderate differentiation between the two fractions. One possible interpretation is the difference in short‐term selection during germination under specific conditions (glasshouse versus field) resulting in an ecological filtering of genotypes out of the reservoir in the soil. River populations harbored significantly more genetic diversity than populations from the anthropogenic pond types. We suggest that altered levels and patterns of dispersal together with stronger selection pressures and historical bottlenecks in anthropogenic habitats are responsible for the observed reduction in genetic diversity. Dispersal is also supposed to largely prohibit genetic structure across Europe, although there is a gradient in private allelic richness from southern Europe (high values) to northern, especially north‐western, Europe (low values), which probably relates to postglacial expansion out of southern and/or eastern refugia. 相似文献