The eye-movements of the mantis shrimp Odontodactylus scyllarus (Crustacea: Stomatopoda)

Summary Odontodactylus scyllarus makes discrete spontaneous eye-movements at a maximum rate of 3/s. These movements are unpredictable in direction and timing, and there is no detectable co-ordination between the two eyes. The eye-movements were measured with a computer-aided video method, and from 208 of these the following picture of a typical movement emerges. It has roughly equal horizontal and vertical components of 7–8°, taking the eye-stalk axis about 12° around a great circle, and also a rotational component of about 8°. The 3 components can occur independently of each other and are thus separately driven by the brain (Fig. 6). The average duration is 300 ms, and average velocity is 40° s (Fig. 5). Most movements are made in a direction approximately at right angles to the orientation of the specialised central band. It is shown that the slow speed of the eye-movements is compatible with scanning, that is, the uptake of visual information during the movement rather than its exclusion as in conventional saccades.Mantis shrimps also make target-acquiring and tracking eye-movements which tend to be somewhat larger and faster than other spontaneous movements. Rotating a striped drum around the animal induces a typical optokinetic nystagmus whose slow phases are smooth, unlike target tracking which is jerky (Fig. 7). Eye-movements may therefore be conveniently grouped into 3 classes: targetting/tracking, scanning, and optokinetic.     

汉字识别的眼动特性-字频效应及信道容量

用眼动测量方法,对字频为４×１０－３至１．６×１０－５范围内笔画数为４至１４的常用汉字进行识别实验,结果表明,汉字识别时间与笔画数无关,而是存在识别时间随字频减小而增大的字频效应,即当汉字字频每减小一个对数单位其识别时间增加约０．０７９秒;识别眼动的注视次数（ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｆｉｘａｔｉｏｎｓ）也随字频减小而增多,注视时程（ｆｉｘａｔｉｏｎｄｕｒａｔｉｏｎ）基本不变;采用＂二决一＂及＂重复显示＂汉字识别实验,证实字频效应反映了识别时间与该字在识别时的先验概率的关系,从而可由实验数据计算出识别的信道容量（ＣｈａｎｎｅｌＣａｐａｃｉｔｙ）约为４２ｂｉｔｓ／ｓ。     

汉字识别的眼动特性-字频效应及信道容量

用眼动测量方法,对字频为４＊１０＾－３至１．６＊１０＾－５范围内笔画数为４至１４的常用汉字进行识别实验,结果表明,汉字识别时间与笔画数无关,而是存在识别时间随字频减小而增大的字频效应,