红头豆芫菁成虫芫菁素含量的研究

芫菁素在红头豆芫菁体内主要贮存在雄虫的生殖腺和卵内。与野生群体两性芫菁素的平均含量相比较,刚交配过的雄虫失去体内７０％的芫菁素,其雌配偶体内芫菁素含量相应升高４３％。红头豆芫菁可用作中药材。经１１０℃烘干后的雄虫,用酸水解后提取的芫菁素含量比直接提取的含量增高４倍。     

细纹豆芫菁和大斑芫菁的性行为

本文对细纹豆芫菁EpicautamannerheimiM kl和大斑芫菁MylabrisphalerataPallas的求偶和交配过程进行了描述。列举了芫菁亚科 5族 1 3属 3 4种芫菁的性行为 ,并讨论了雄成虫在形态构造上对求偶和交配行为的适应性行为。     

The environmental basis of North American species richness patterns among Epicauta (Coleoptera: Meloidae)

Understanding regional variability in species richness is necessary for conservation efforts to succeed in the face of large-scale environmental deterioration. Several analyses of North American vertebrates have shown that climatic energy provides the best explanation of contemporary species richness patterns. The paucity of analyses of insect diversity patterns, however, remains a serious obstacle to a general hypothesis of spatial variation in diversity. We collected species distribution data on a North American beetle genus, Epicauta (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and tested several major diversity hypotheses. These beetles are generally grasshopper egg predators as larvae, and angiosperm herbivores as adults. Epicauta richness is highest in the hot, dry American southwest, and decreases north and east, consistent with the species richness-energy hypothesis. Potential evapotranspiration, which is also the best predictor of richness patterns among North American vertebrates, explains 80.2% of the variability in Epicauta species richness. Net primary productivity and variables measuring climatic heat energy only (such as PET) are not generally comparable, though they are sometimes treated as if they were equivalent. We conclude that the species richness-energy hypothesis currently provides a better overall explanation for Epicauta species richness patterns in North America than other major diversity hypotheses. The observed relationship between climatic energy and regional species richness may provide significant insight into the response of ecological communities to climate change.     

细纹豆芫菁交配与繁殖力的关系

将采自野外的细纹豆芫菁EpicautamannerhimiMkl的雌雄成虫各50头在室内进行人工随机配对,共发生75次交配,平均交配1.5次。雄虫1生可交配0～4次,雌虫0～2次。交配持续时间为(188±55)min,交配持续时间与交配次数之间、交配持续时间与繁殖力之间均无相关性。交配次数与两性的繁殖力呈负相关。交配后有36头雌虫43次产卵,其中有35次产卵发生在本次交配后,有8次产卵发生在连续2次交配后。作者认为雌虫在性感受性上的差异,与不育雄虫参与雌虫的前次交配有关。雄虫能否产生足够数量的交配因子来抑制雌虫的性感受性,是决定雌虫在产卵前交配次数的重要因素。     

美国豆芫菁交配型的研究

在美国密苏里哥伦比亚州立石桥公园一枝黄花(Solidago sp.)植物样地内,采集研究美国豆芫菁(Epicauta pennsylvanica)并测量其三项计量指标.统计结果表明,无论交配与否,同性别个体的头宽,第一触角节宽部与自身的干体重呈正相关(p<0.05).配对的雌、雄之间在身体干重、头宽和第一触角节宽间均无明显的相关性(p>0.05).室内的交配时间与雌、雄干重无明显相关性(p>0.05).因此,虽可能存在雄虫的单向性选择性,美国豆芫菁应属于随机交配型.作者不同意D.K.Mclain认为美国豆芫菁为选型交配的观点,并从种的生物学特性方面提出依据.     

云南豆芫菁属一新种(鞘翅目:芫菁科)

记述中国云南豆芫菁属1新种:隐纹豆芫菁Epicautacryptogramaca,sp.nov.。新种与陈氏豆芫菁E.cheniTan,1958在外形上相似,两者的主要区别是:前者唇基和上唇扁平并有刻点和毛,后者唇基前缘光滑厚实,上唇基部和端部光滑;前者触角被一色的黑短毛,后者基部3节则密生浅色毛;前者前足第1跗节正常,后者则变为宽卵形;前者的足完全黑色,后者的后足胫节棕至棕黄。模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。     

红头芜菁触角感器形态描述(鞘翅目,芜菁科)

红头芫菁成虫群集性很强,常聚集在泡桐树中取食泡桐叶片,继而为害豆科等植物,其毒素斑蝥素在医学上有着重要的研究价值。本研究利用扫描电镜对红头芫菁雌雄成虫触角感器进行了观察,描述了触角感器的外部形态、类型和分布,并结合文献资料对其功能进行了讨论,试图解析其触角感器在寄主选择行为机制。     

Effects of temperature,photoperiod and soil humidity on induction of pseudopupal diapause in the bean blister beetle Epicauta gorhami

Larvae of the bean blister beetle Epicauta gorhami Marseul (Coleoptera: Meloidae) feed on grasshopper eggs in soil and undergo hypermetamorphosis. This beetle undergoes larval diapause in the fifth instar as a pseudopupa, a form characteristic of hypermetamorphosis in meloid beetles. The effects of temperature, photoperiod and soil humidity on larval development of E. gorhami are examined in a population in Miyazaki, Japan, using egg pods of Locusta migratoria L. as food. At lower temperatures (20 and 22.5 °C), all larvae become pseudopupae, regardless of the photoperiod. By contrast, at higher temperatures (27.5 and 30 °C), almost all larvae pupate at the end of the fourth instar, again regardless of the photoperiod. A long‐day photoperiodic response occurs only at an intermediate temperature (25 °C): under an LD 12 : 12 h photocycle, all larvae enter diapause, although the diapause incidence tends to decrease as the day length becomes longer. Pseudopupae are immobile and remain in diapause for ≥120 days when they are kept under the same conditions, except that diapause terminates within a relatively short time at 30 °C. Although lower soil humidity retards post‐feeding development, soil humidity has no effect on the diapause incidence. On the basis of the short developmental period and diapause avoidance under summer conditions, it is suggested that this beetle partially produces two generations a year in southwestern Japan.     

扁角豆芫菁成虫雌雄异型触角感器精细结构观察(英文)

【目的】本研究旨在观察扁角豆芫菁Epicauta impressicornis主要触角感器的形态特征,为进一步开展扁角豆芫菁生物学和行为机制研究提供基础参考,也为今后的触角感受器电生理研究提供前提条件。【方法】对扁角豆芫菁E. impressicornis雌雄成虫触角感器进行了扫描电镜观察,并对雌雄成虫触角感器数量、分布及其差异进行了统计和比较分析。【结果】结果表明,其雌雄成虫触角感器存在性二型现象,二者的感器类型、数量及分布既有共性又存在明显差异。雌雄成虫触角共有的感器分为7种,即2种刺形感器(CH1和CH2),2种锥形感器(SB1和SB2),1种Böhm氏鬃毛(BB),1种耳形感器(SA)和1种钟形感器(CA);雄虫触角特有的感器类型包括1种刺形感器(CH3)和1种锥形感器(SB3),而雌性触角特有的感器类型包含2种锥形感器(SB4和SB5)和1种凹槽钉形感器(GP)。【结论】扁角豆芫菁成虫触角感受器类型丰富多样。根据触角感受器的形态、分布以及与之前报道结果的比较分析,推测其功能可能为信息素感器(CH1)、化学感器(CH2和GP)、嗅觉受体(CH3, SB1-SB5, SA和CA)、机械感器(BB)和温度感器(GP和CA)。     

中国豆芫菁属一新种及二雌性补充描述（鞘翅目，芜菁科）

记述云南豆芫菁属1新种,即缘毛豆芫菁,新种Epicauta seriata sp.nov.;编制了凹跗豆芫菁组Epicauta interrupta group已知种检索表;并对钩刺豆芫菁E．curvispina Kaszab和墨江豆芫菁E．mojiangensis Tan雌性进行了补充描述。模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。