Identifying key factors,actors and relevant scales in landscape and conservation planning,management and decision making: Promoting effective citizen involvement

The paper analyses the current limitations of the constraints of decision and action processes in land-use, resource management and conservation policies and approaches, identifying their main factors, proposing alternative strategies to solve the present gaps and limitations. It identifies the need for a new paradigmatic approach based on innovative forms of involvement, commitment and individual and community rewarding systems. This approach is developed based on the characterization of the main drivers of land-use, resource management and conservation policies, namely α-perceptions (immediate and primary satisfaction) and k-perceptions (more mediate and complex consideration of satisfaction, implying long-term perceptions and collective benefits beyond the individual interests). It also analyses the effects of the introduction of new forms of income and incentives (such as trade-offs and payments for environmental services) or management approaches such as Ecological-Based Management or the use of Nature-Based Solutions. The main axioms and instruments necessary to build such a new paradigmatic approach (namely trade-offs, accountability and contractualization) are described. On this basis, it is possible to present a concept for an innovative institutional and social culture and a governance system aimed at an effective land-use, resource management and conservation policies. This governance concept is described and its sustaining individual, social and institutional drivers enunciated.     

Age,gender and slavery in and out of the Persian harem: a different story

Despite the ever-growing literature on slavery and that of oppression of women in the harem and the expanding material on memories and autobiographies, it is difficult to find room to valorize experiences of those women who do not use writing as a medium of communication. Recollected memories of life histories of women are still hard to contextualize within mainstream feminist epistemology. It is the contention of this article that academic universal categories, formulated by Anglophone Western theorists, do not help to explain the lived experiences of most women the world over. Drawing on subjective experiences of one woman and autobiographical memories of the author, this article will argue that well-known categories such as “black” and “slave girl” fail to explain the remembered life of one “black” “harem slave girl”, who felt empowered by her harem years.     

Generating power: gender,ethnicity and empowerment in India's Narmada Valley

Current analyses of issues relating to ethnicity and empowerment are silent about the significance of the environment in shaping and being shaped by human relations. For its part, environmental policy research, with few exceptions, has also ignored the dynamics of identity construction and cultural values that inform human relationships with the environment and thus affect environmental sustainability. I address this gap in the scholarship through an analysis of the Sardar Sarovar Project [SSP] in India. I explore the interweaving of the constructions of gender, ethnicity and empowerment and their implications for a new politics of the environment - the politics of environmental justice. I argue that discourses of modernization underpin the arguments of all those who discuss the SSP, whether in favour or against.     

授权教育联合Orem自理模式对提高UC患者自我效能效果显著

为探讨授权教育联合奥瑞姆自理模式(Orem self-care model)对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)患者自我效能及生活质量的影响,本研究选取2015年1月至2017年4月98例我院UC患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=49)与研究组(n=49)。对照组采取常规健康教育,研究组采取授权教育联合奥瑞姆自理模式。入院时及干预后统计两组自我效能评分(IBD-SES)、生活质量分值(SF-36)、抑郁及焦虑分值(SDS,SAS)、治疗依从性、夜间排便次数。研究发现,干预后两组IBD-SES分值较干预前增高,且研究组较对照组高(p<0.05);干预后两组SF-36分值相比较于干预前均有所增高,且对照组较研究组低(p<0.05);干预后两组SDS及SAS分值较干预前降低,且研究组较对照组低(p<0.05);研究组治疗依从性(95.92%)较对照组(79.59%)高(p<0.05);干预后两组夜间排便次数较干预前减少,且研究组较对照组少(p<0.05)。本研究初步说明,联合采用授权教育及奥瑞姆自理模式对溃疡性结肠炎患者实施干预效果显著,可提高其自我效能及生活质量,缓解负性情绪状态,改善治疗依从性,并减少夜间排便次数。     

The resurgence in resource nationalism and private protected areas: Through the lens of Save Valley Conservancy's indigenisation

It has been observed that the resurgence in resource nationalism in the past decade worldwide has profound implications for all economic sectors including protected areas. However, a review of the international protected area literature reveals a paucity of studies that make use of the construct of resource nationalism as an analytical framework. This paper addresses this gap by bringing to the fore how Zimbabwe's ZANU PF (the political party that brought the country's independence in 1980) has deployed and extended this construct from the 2000 land reform programme to one of the world's largest private wildlife sanctuaries, namely the Save Valley Conservancy (SVC). In doing so, the paper relies extensively on the narratives, debates and legitimations of the ruling elite and other stakeholders around the recent ‘indigenisation’ of the SVC. It was found that a range of actors attempted to use resource nationalism as a ‘resource’ to further their own private economic and political interests whilst others resorted to the conservation discourse. One of the main conclusions of this paper is that managers of protected areas need to be sensitive to the resurgence in resource nationalism. In this connection, it is argued that the ability to negotiate the resurgence in resource nationalism will determine the fate of some private protected areas. The study suggests possible solutions around the indigenisation of SVC and points to future research priorities.