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1.
The ECF™ lateral flow assay test is marketed to detect non-pregnancy in mares. The objectives of the present study were to determine the accuracy of the ECF test, the accuracy of the electronic reader accompanying the ECF test, and agreement between two human readers and the electronic reader. Serum samples were collected from anestrus, cycling but not inseminated, and inseminated mares, and were evaluated with the ECF™ test (EDP Biotech Company, Knoxville, TN, USA) at The Ohio State University and at the EDP Biotech Laboratory. Specificity ranged from 0.07 to 0.16, the negative predictive value ranged from 0.15 to 0.33, and accuracy ranged from 0.43 to 0.52. The electronic reader did not add improve the accuracy or predictive values of the test. Based on the electronic reader, 80.0% of the serum samples collected from the anestrus mares were false positives; Readers 1 and 2 had 60.0 and 33.3% false positives, respectively. For samples collected during the estrous cycle, 83.9% were false positives by the electronic reader, whereas Readers 1 and 2 had 43.7 and 26.4% false positives. We concluded that, regardless of whether the test strips were evaluated by a human or electronic reader, this assay was not accurate for determination of the non-pregnant mare. 相似文献
2.
M. von Balthazar K. Raunsgaard Pedersen E. M. Friis 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2005,255(1-2):55-75
A charcoalified fossil flower bud of a new genus and species (Teixeiria lusitanica) is described from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal. The flower is actinomorphic and unisexually male. At the base of the
bud there are several bracts of different sizes, which are followed by sepal-like and petal-like tepals. Bracts and perianth
organs seem to be arranged spirally and to exhibit transitions between different organ categories. The androecium has numerous
stamens in two sizes, but with unclear arrangement. Pollen is small and tricolpate with a perforate tectum and a densely columellate
infratectal layer. No carpels or remains of carpels could be observed on the floral axis. Teixeiria lusitanica shows most affinities to members of Ranunculales. There are also some similarities with Berberidopsis (Berberidopsidaceae, Berberidopsidales) and members of the Saxifragales (Hamamelidaceae and Daphniphyllaceae). 相似文献
3.
Florian Witzmann 《Acta zoologica》2011,92(3):281-302
Witzmann F. (2011). Morphological and histological changes of dermal scales during the fish‐to‐tetrapod transition. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 92 : 281–302. The gastral scales of limbed tetrapodomorphs evolved from the ‘elpistostegid’‐type of scale by an enlargement and differentiation of the articulation facets and a shortening and broadening of the keel. These changes caused a tighter connection between gastral scales within a scale row and a greater overlap between the rows. Dorsal round scales of limbed tetrapodomorphs developed from a gastral scale‐type by an alteration of the ontogenetic pathway. The posterolateral direction of scale rows in ‘elpistostegids’ was retained in the gastral scalation of most limbed tetrapodomorphs, whereas the arrangement of round dorsal scales is modified to a transverse orientation. Both gastral and dorsal scales of limbed tetrapodomorphs consist solely of parallel‐fibred bone with circumferential growth marks. The proportionally larger overlap surfaces of gastral scales and their mode of articulation in the ventral midline indicate that the body of limbed tetrapodomorphs might have been more flexible than that of their finned relatives. The alteration of dermal scales was one of the most rapid morphological changes during the fish‐to‐tetrapod transition. Once established, gastral and dorsal scales were retained as a conservative character in different lineages of basal tetrapods, in both the amphibian and the amniote lineages. 相似文献
4.
Daniel L. Gebo 《Primates; journal of primatology》1989,30(3):347-367
With the exception of leaping, lorises and galagos move in many similar ways although frequencies and styles differ. This
peculiar locomotor distinction in two closely related subfamilies has profoundly altered their respective postcranial anatomies
from their common ancestor. A comparison of postcranial adaptation in extant forms shows that lorises and galagos differ somewhat
in forelimb mobility, but are more fundamentally disparate in hindlimb adaptation. Inferences concerning locomotor adaptation
in the lorisid fossil record indicate a more generalized locomotor pattern which is more like that of extant cheirogaleids
than either living galagos or lorises. Thus, vertical clinging and leaping in galagines and the slow-climbing and suspensory
movements of lorisines appear to be evolutionarily recent innovations from a more generalized locomotor past. 相似文献
5.
R. R. Hill Jr. F. L. Kolb H. G. Marshall 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1991,81(1):79-82
Summary Parameters estimated from a Gardner-Eberhart analysis of the F2 generation of a six-parent diallel in oats (Avena sativa L.) were used to compare methods for predicting the performance of F3 row plots. The prediction methods were: (1) individual F2 plant performance (F2I), (2) parent average plus F2 plot deviations (PF2), (3) parent average plus weighted F2 plot deviations (PF2P), (4) best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of parent average plus F2 plot deviations (BPF2), and (5) BLUP plus weighted F2 deviations (BF2). The F2 single-plant traits used for prediction were biological yield to predict F3 biological yield, whole plant and primary tiller grain yield for prediction of F3 grain yield, and whole plant and primary tiller harvest index (HI) to predict F3 HI. Prediction methods were evaluated by correlations between predicted and observed F3 performance. Prediction methods and traits for which correlations were greater than for F2I included: BF2 for biological yield, PF2, PF2P and BF2 for whole plant grain yield, PF2, BPF2, and BF2 for primary tiller grain yield. None had a correlation significantly greater than F2I for either measure of HI, where heritability was large. PF2 is the recommended method for traits with low heritability because of its simplicity and because it had the largest or nearly the largest correlation for each of the yield traits. F2I is the recommended method for traits with larger heritability.Contribution No. 8821 of the U.S. Regional Pasture Research LaboratoryDeceased 相似文献
6.
记真盔甲鱼类两新属——兼论真盔甲鱼类系统发育关系 总被引:11,自引:11,他引:0
本文记述了早泥盆世真盔甲鱼类两新属:憨鱼属(Nochelaspis)和翼角鱼属(Pterogonaspis).真盔甲鱼类是盔甲鱼类的一个单系类群,现有七属十二种,文中运用分支系统学原理对其系统发育关系进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
7.
The Castel di Guido site, with an estimated age of approximately 300,000 years, has yielded abundant animal remains, Acheulian stone and bone bifaces, and small tools. On the surface of the original deposit, turned over by agricultural activities, fragments of human remains were discovered between 1980 and 1986, including a temporal bone described here. 相似文献
8.
Expression of Microtubule-Associated Proteins During the Early Stages of Neurite Extension by Brain Neurons Cultured in a Defined Medium 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
D. Couchie A. Faivre-Bauman J. Puymirat J. Guilleminot A. Tixier-Vidal J. Nunez 《Journal of neurochemistry》1986,47(4):1255-1261
Immunoblotting analysis was used to identify the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) present in cultures of mouse brain neurons. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the two main adult brain MAPs, i.e., MAP2 (300 kDa) and tau (60-70 kDa). Whatever the stage of the culture, which was performed in a defined medium (3 or 6 days), the anti-MAP2 serum detected several high-molecular-weight components (including MAP2) and an entity with 62-65 kDa. Anti-tau revealed essentially a major peak of 48 kDa (young tau) but also slightly cross-reacted with the 62-65 kDa entity. During the culture period (0-6 days) the cells developed progressively a dense neuritic network; the concentration of the different MAPs increased in parallel but at different rates depending on the different species. The increase in concentration of the high-molecular-weight components occurred before that of 48-kDa tau. This suggests that high-molecular-weight MAPs and 48-kDa tau might be involved respectively in the initiation and elongation of neurites. In contrast, and since the main developmental changes in tau composition seen in vivo did not occur during the time course of the culture, this transition might be related to later events of neuronal differentiation. 相似文献
9.
Early iron deficiency in rat does not affect the weight or the protein, DNA, and RNA content but results in a slight reduction in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (13%, p less than 0.01) and glutamic acid (20%, p less than 0.001) content of the brain. The activities of the two GABA shunt enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase and GABA-transaminase, and of the NAD+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) were inhibited whereas the glutamic acid decarboxylase, mitochondrial NADP+-linked ICDH, and succinic dehydrogenase activities remained unaltered in brain. On rehabilitation with the iron-supplemented diet for 1 week, these decreased enzyme activities in brain attained the corresponding control values. However, the hepatic nonheme iron content increased to about 80% of the control, after rehabilitation for 2 weeks. A prolonged iron deficiency resulting in decreased levels of glutamate and GABA may lead to endocrinological, neurological, and behavioral alterations. 相似文献
10.
Efficient selection intensity in early generation index selection in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
A. Bandyopadhyay V. Arunachalam K. Venkaiah 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1985,71(2):300-304
Summary The F2 potential of single and three-way crosses was evaluated using a set of physiological and yield components. Results were based on an index of selection using (a) only yield components and (b) both physiological and yield components. The indices were constructed using the percentage improvement of F2 over the better parent of the corresponding F1 cross for every character. The performance of F2 plants assessed by the expected value of the regression index was ranked in descending order to provide a ranked F2 distribution (FRD). The FRD was divided into four equal parts, T25 (top 25%), T50 (26–50%), T75 (51–75%) and T100 (76–100%). F3 families derived from F2 plants in T25 were found to provide a higher frequency of selections for pod number than T50, T75 and T100. The frequency of selections was higher in three-way than single crosses. Selection index based on physiological and yield components was more efficient in trapping F2 plants providing selections in F3 than the index based on yield components only. The results brought out the importance of bunch x bunch crosses as a complement to the usually advocated bunch x runner ones. 相似文献