吲哚美辛栓剂对预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的效果观察

目的:探讨吲哚美辛栓剂对预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的效果。方法:选取2010年10月-2015年6月收治入院的行ERCP手术的患者300例,随机分为观察组及对照组各150例,观察患者ERCP术后立即应用吲哚美辛栓剂直肠给药,对照组给予安慰剂栓剂,术后3 h,24 h检测血清淀粉酶,观察高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的发生情况。结果:术前两组血清淀粉酶比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3 h,24 h两组血清淀粉酶均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(t=5.794、10.816,P均0.05)。观察组高淀粉酶血症及ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生率明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(x~2=5.927;2.160,P0.05)。结论:直肠给药吲哚美辛栓剂可明显降低ERCP术后血清淀粉酶量,降低高淀粉酶血症及ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生率。     

保留灌肠清胰汤联合ERCP治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的疗效及机制探讨

目的:探讨保留灌肠清胰汤联合内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde pancreatic cholangiography,ERCP)治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效及作用机制。方法:选择2015年1月～2017年12月我院收治的97例胆源性胰腺炎患者为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同,将其分为对照组(ERCP组,46例)及观察组(保留灌肠清胰汤联合ERCP组,53例)。观察和比较两组的中医临床疗效,治疗前后7天的肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(c-reactive protein,CRP)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukins-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)水平及治疗前、治疗后12 h、24 h、3 d的血清淀粉酶水平的变化,腹痛缓解时间、平均住院时间、平均住院费用。结果:治疗后,观察组的痊愈、显效比例明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后的血清TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平均显著低于治疗前,且观察组的血清TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-8水平均明显低于对照组(P均0.05);两组的平均住院费用对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的腹痛缓解时间、平均住院时间明显低于对照组(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗后12 h、24 h、3 d时的血清淀粉酶水平均显著降低,且观察组治疗后12 h、24 h时的血清淀粉酶水平均明显低于对照组(P均0.05)。结论:保留灌肠清胰汤联合ERCP治疗可显著提高急性胆源性胰腺炎的治疗痊愈率及有效率,其作用机制可能与降低患者血清TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-8及淀粉酶水平有关。     

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-α (− 308 G/A) as a biomarker in chronic pancreatitis

Objective

Chronic pancreatitis is a gradual, long-term inflammation of the pancreas that results in alteration of its normal structure and function. The study aims to investigate the role of − 308 (G/A) polymorphism of TNF-α gene in chronic pancreatitis.

Material and methods

A total of 200 subjects were included in this case–control study. A total of 100 in patients admitted in the Gastroenterology Unit of Gandhi Hospital and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad were included in the present study. An equal number of healthy control subjects were randomly selected for the study. The genotyping of TNF-α gene was carried out by tetra-primer ARMS PCR followed by gel electrophoresis. The TNF-α levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

A significant variation with respect to the genotypic and allelic distribution in the disease group when compared to control subjects [OR = 2.001 (1.33–3.005), p < 0.0001**] was observed. Subjects homozygous for the A allele had higher TNF-α levels compared to G allele.

Conclusion

The present study revealed a significant association of the TNF-α gene promoter polymorphism with chronic pancreatitis. Thus, TNF-α genotype can be considered as one of the biological markers in the etiology of chronic pancreatitis.     

内镜下乳头括约肌切开术联合不同时长气囊扩张术治疗胆总管结石的疗效观察

摘要 目的：探讨内镜下乳头括约肌小切开术( endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)联合不同时长持续时间十二指肠乳头气囊扩张术（Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation,,EPBD）对胆总管结石患者治疗效果差异。方法：选择2018年1月至2018年12月于我院接受EST联合EPBD治疗的92例胆总管结石患者为研究对象, 按照其术中气囊扩张时间的不同将其分为A组（46例,扩张时间20 s）、B组（46例,扩张时间40 s）,对比两组患者一次净石率、机械碎石率、操作时间及X线暴露时间,对比两组患者术前及术后肝功能指标,术后12 h血淀粉酶,对比两组患者术后胰腺炎、消化道出血、胆道感染、穿孔等并发症的发生率。结果：（1）对比显示两组患者一次净石率、机械碎石率、操作时间、X线暴露时间及12 h血淀粉酶对比差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）;（2）术前两组患者总胆红素(Total bilirubin,TBIL)、谷氨酸转氨酶(Glutamate aminotransferase,ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)对比差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后两组患者上述指标均较治疗前出现明显的下降,但组间比较无差异（P>0.05）;（3）A组患者术后各类并发症发生率为4.35 %（2/46）,B组患者术后各类并发症发生率为17.39 %（8/46）,两组对比差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：EST联合EPBD对胆总管结石具有较好的治疗效果,术中不同气囊扩张时间不会对手术成功率、手术时间等指标造成影响,但长时间扩张存在增加术后出血的风险,建议在能够正常实施手术的情况下尽量控制术中气囊扩张时间。     

ERCP/EST-LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效及并发症

目的:考察内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术/十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术加腹腔镜胆囊切除术(endoscopic retrograde pancreatic angiography/endoscopic sphincterotomy-1aparoscopic cholecystectomy,ERCP/EST-LC)对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选80例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,随机数字表法分为两组,每组40例,对照组进行LCBDE-LC手术,研究组进行ERCP/EST-LC手术,以手术成功率、围术期相关指标和术后并发症等指标考察对患者的临床疗效。结果:对照组手术成功率为95.0%,研究组患者手术成功率为97.5%,两组无显著差异(P>0.05),研究组患者的手术时间和术中出血量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05),研究组胃肠功能恢复时间为39.64±5.34 h,显著长于对照组的37.19±3.17 h(P<0.05),研究组住院时间为14.17±2.06 d,显著长于对照组的11.85±2.71 d(P<0.05)。两组患者的胆道感染、急性胰腺炎、肠穿孔、结石残留以及胆管炎的发生率无显著差异(P>0.05),对照组胆漏发生率为7.50%,显著高于研究组的0.00%(P<0.05),而研究组术后出血发生率为10.00%,显著高于对照组的2.50%(P<0.05),对照组并发症总发生率为12.50%,研究组为15.00%,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组术后一年复发率为15.00%,研究组的复发率为17.50%,经统计分析,两组术后复发率无显著差异(P>0.05),其余患者无腹痛、发热、黄疸等情况。结论:ERCP/EST-LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效确切、并发症少,安全性高。     

Post-transplant cholangiopathy: Classification,pathogenesis, and preventive strategies

Biliary complications are the most frequent cause of morbidity, re-transplantation, and even mortality after liver transplantation. In general, biliary leakage and anastomotic and non-anastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) can be recognized. There is no consensus on the exact definition of NAS and different names and criteria have been used in literature. We propose to use the term post-transplant cholangiopathy for the spectrum of abnormalities of large donor bile ducts, that includes NAS, but also intraductal casts and intrahepatic biloma formation, in the presence of a patent hepatic artery. Combinations of these manifestations of cholangiopathy are not infrequently found in the same liver and ischemia-reperfusion injury is generally considered the common underlying mechanism. Other factors that contribute to post-transplant cholangiopathy are biliary injury due to bile salt toxicity and immune-mediated injury. This review provides an overview of the various types of post-transplant cholangiopathy, the presumed pathogenesis, clinical implications, and preventive strategies.     

ERCP-directed brush cytology prepared by the Thinprep method: test performance and morphology of 149 cases.

Conventionally prepared endobiliary brushings are moderately (42%) sensitive and highly (98%) specific in detecting malignancy. The performance and morphological features of brushings prepared by Thinprep, a liquid-based method are mostly unknown. All brushings were retrieved from the laboratory files. Disease was classified as benign or malignant by linkage with the provincial cancer registry and sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) calculated. True positives and negatives were reviewed and predictive morphological features analysed by regression tree analysis. Out of 149 brushings, 55 (37%) were positive and 94 (63%) negative. Malignancy was identified in 86 (58%) and benign disease in 63 (42%) of the cases. The sensitivity was 51%, specificity 83%, PPV 80% and NPV 55%. Absolute discriminants of positive and negative brushings were not found, but nuclear cytoplasmic ratio was a useful feature. The performance of Thinprep-prepared brushings from this anatomical site was comparable with conventional preparations.     

Preliminary diagnostic reference levels for endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in Greece

The main objective of this study was to determine the preliminary Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) in terms of Kerma Area Product (KAP) and fluoroscopy time (Tf) during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP) procedures. Additionally, an investigation was conducted to explore the statistical relation between KAP and Tf.Data from a set of 200 randomly selected patients treated in 4 large hospitals in Greece (50 patients per hospital) were analyzed in order to obtain preliminary DRLs for KAP and Tf during therapeutic ERCP procedures. Non-parametric statistic tests were performed in order to determine a statistically significant relation between KAP and Tf.The resulting third quartiles for KAP and Tf for hospitals (A, B, C and D) were found as followed: KAP_A = 10.7 Gy cm², Tf_A = 4.9 min; KAP_B = 7.5 Gy cm², Tf_B = 5.0 min; KAP_C = 19.0 Gy cm², Tf_C = 7.3 min; KAP_D = 52.4 Gy cm², Tf_D = 15.8 min. The third quartiles, calculated for the total 200 cases sample, are: KAP = 18.8 Gy cm² and Tf = 8.2 min. For 3 out of 4 hospitals and for the total sample, p-values of statistical indices (correlation of KAP and Tf) are less than 0.001, while for the Hospital A p-values are ranging from 0.07 to 0.08. Using curve fitting, we finally determine that the relation of Tf and KAP is deriving from a power equation (KAP = Tf^1.282) with R² = 0.85.The suggested Preliminary DRLs (deriving from the third quartiles of the total sample) for Greece are: KAP = 19 Gy cm² and Tf = 8 min, while the relation between KAP and Tf is efficiently described by a power equation.     

The endoscopist and malignant and non-malignant biliary obstruction

Patients with biliary strictures often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, due to the site and complexity of biliary obstruction and wide differential diagnosis. Multidisciplinary decision making is required to reach an accurate and timely diagnosis and to plan optimal care. Developments in endoscopic ultrasound and peroral cholangioscopy have advanced the diagnostic yield of biliary endoscopy, and novel optical imaging techniques are emerging. Endoscopic approaches to biliary drainage are preferred in most scenarios, and recent advances in therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound allow drainage where the previous alternatives were only percutaneous or surgical. Here we review recent advances in endoscopic practice for the diagnosis and management of biliary strictures. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni and Peter Jansen.     

FISHing for pancreatobiliary tract malignancy in endoscopic brushings enhances the sensitivity of routine cytology

Pancreatobiliary tract carcinoma is a lethal disease with low survival rates and limited treatment options. Diagnosis is complicated by benign conditions that can mimic malignancy on radiological studies (e.g. primary sclerosing cholangitis or PSC) and the suboptimal sensitivity of endoscopic biopsy/brushings obtained by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The detection of multiple chromosomal gains by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), referred to as polysomy, has demonstrated improved sensitivity over routine cytological evaluation. The evaluation of brushings by both routine cytology and FISH in our cytopathology laboratory has been in clinical practice since 2003. Strong morphological and screening skills enable cytotechnologists to become proficient in the assessment of FISH slides, which translates into cost and time savings. Multiple reports from various institutions have demonstrated the utility of FISH for patients with and without PSC. The incorporation of routine cytology and FISH results into the management algorithm for patients under suspicion for pancreatobiliary malignancy is a testament to the clinical success of these cytological assays.