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排序方式: 共有157条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
利用参数模型提取诱发脑电(EP)及其在40Hz EEG和EP间关联研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出一种基于参数模型的信息处理方法,用于诱发脑电的提取,这种方法可以得到单次EP波形的无偏,最小方差估计,用刺激强度实验验证了该方法在实际情况下的有效,进一步将其应用于刺激前EEG与EP的关联研究,得到了刺激前40Hz的EEG成分与晚潜伏期听觉诱发脑电幅度有极显著负相关的结果,表明刺激前及状态确定对EP有影响。 相似文献
2.
Activation of EP2 receptors by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes brain inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, but the pathways responsible are unclear. EP2 receptors couple to Gαs and increase cAMP, which associates with protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Epacs). Here, we studied EP2 function and its signaling pathways in rat microglia in their resting state or undergoing classical activation in vitro following treatment with low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. Real time PCR showed that PGE2 had no effect on expression of CXCL10, TGF-β1, and IL-11 and exacerbated the rapid up-regulation of mRNAs encoding cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NOS, IL-6, and IL-1β but blunted the production of mRNAs encoding TNF-α, IL-10, CCL3, and CCL4. These effects were mimicked fully by the EP2 agonist butaprost but only weakly by the EP1/EP3 agonist 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 or the EP4 agonist CAY10598 and not at all by the EP3/EP1 agonist sulprostone and confirmed by protein measurements of cyclooxygenase-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. In resting microglia, butaprost induced cAMP formation and altered the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, but protein expression was unchanged. The PKA inhibitor H89 had little or no effect on inflammatory mediators modulated by EP2, whereas the Epac activator 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2′-O-methyladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate acetoxymethyl ester mimicked all butaprost effects. These results indicate that EP2 activation plays a complex immune regulatory role during classical activation of microglia and that Epac pathways are prominent in this role. 相似文献
3.
Celiac Sprue is an inflammatory disease of the small intestine triggered by ingestion of dietary gluten, a family of glutamine and proline rich proteins found in common foodgrains such as wheat, rye, and barley. One potential therapy for this lifelong disease anticipates using an oral protease to detoxify gluten in vivo. Recent studies have shown that EP-B2 (endoprotease B, isoform 2) from barley is a promising example of such a glutenase, thus warranting its large-scale production for animal safety and human clinical studies. Here we describe a scaleable fermentation, refolding and purification process for the production of gram to kilogram quantities of pro-EP-B2 (zymogen form of EP-B2) in a lyophilized form. A fed-batch E. coli fermentation system was developed that yields 0.3-0.5 g purified recombinant protein per liter culture volume. Intracellular degradation of pro-EP-B2 during the fermentation was overcome by manipulating the fermentation temperature and duration of protein expression. A simple refolding protocol was developed using a fast dilution method to refold the enzyme at concentrations greater than 0.5 mg/mL. Kinetic analysis showed that pro-EP-B2 refolding is a first-order reaction with an estimated rate constant of 0.15 h(-1). A lyophilization procedure was developed that yielded protein with 85% recoverable activity after 7 weeks of storage at room temperature. The process was successfully scaled up to 100 L with comparable purity and recovery. 相似文献
4.
5.
Capsaicinoids are reported to have a bunch of promising pharmacological activities, among them antibacterial effects against various strains of bacteria. In this study the effect on efflux pumps of mycobacteria was investigated. The importance of efflux pumps, and the inhibition of these, is rising due to their involvement in antibiotic resistance development. In order to draw structure and activity relationships we tested natural and synthetical capsaicinoids as well as synthetical capsinoids. In an accumulation assay these compounds were evaluated for their ability to accumulate ethidium bromide into mycobacterial cells, a well-known substrate for efflux pumps. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, the two most abundant capsaicinoids in Capsicum species, proved to be superior efflux pump inhibitors compared to the standard verapamil. A dilution series showed dose dependency of both compounds. The compound class of less pungent capsinoids qualified for further investigation as antibacterials against Mycobacterium smegmatis. 相似文献
6.
Noriyuki Hatae Kumiko Yamaoka Yukihiko Sugimoto Manabu Negishi Atsushi Ichikawa 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2002,290(1):162-168
We previously demonstrated that the mouse EP3beta receptor and its C-terminal tail-truncated receptor (abbreviated T-335) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells showed agonist-dependent and fully constitutive Gi activity in forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation, respectively. Here we examined the effect of the EP3beta receptor or T-335 receptor on adenylyl cyclase activity stimulated by the Gs-coupled EP2 subtype receptor in COS-7 cells. As a result, sulprostone, a selective EP3 agonist, dose dependently augmented butaprost-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in EP3beta receptor- or T-335 receptor-expressing COS-7 cells. However, such adenylyl cyclase augmentation was not attenuated by either pertussis toxin treatment or expression of the PH domain of rat betaARK1, which serves as a scavenger of Gbetagamma subunits, but was partially attenuated by treatment with either 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetra(acetoxymethyl)ester, an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, or W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor. These findings suggest that the C-terminal tail of the EP3beta receptor is not essentially involved in activation of EP2 receptor-stimulated adenylyl cyclase in a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent but Gbetagamma subunit-independent manner. 相似文献
7.
Background
Plant and animal ferritins stem from a common ancestor, but plant ferritins exhibit various features that are different from those of animal ferritins. Phytoferritin is observed in plastids (e.g., chloroplasts in leaves, amyloplasts in tubers and seeds), whereas animal ferritin is largely found in the cytoplasm. The main difference in structure between plant and animal ferritins is the two specific domains (TP and EP) at the N-terminal sequence of phytoferritin, which endow phytoferritin with specific iron chemistry. As a member of the nonheme iron group of dietary iron sources, phytoferritin consists of 24 subunits that assemble into a spherical shell storing up to ∼ 2000 Fe3 + in the form of an iron oxyhydroxide-phosphate mineral. This feature is distinct from small molecule nonheme iron existing in cereals, which has poor bioavailability.Scope of review
This review focuses on the relationship between structure and function of phytoferritin and the recent progress in the use of phytoferritin as iron supplement.Major conclusions
Phytoferritin, especially from legume seeds, represents a novel alternative dietary iron source.General significance
An understanding of the chemistry and biology of phytoferritin, its interaction with iron, and its stability against gastric digestion is beneficial to design diets that will be used for treatment of global iron deficiency. 相似文献8.
Maurício F.M. Machado Vanessa Rioli Emer S. Ferro Luiz Juliano 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2010,394(2):429-433
Thimet oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15, TOP) is a metallo-oligopeptidase that participates in the intracellular metabolism of peptides. Predictions based on structurally analogous peptidases (Dcp and ACE-2) show that TOP can present a hinge-bend movement during substrate hydrolysis, what brings some residues closer to the substrate. One of these residues that in TOP crystallographic structure are far from the catalytic residues, but, moves toward the substrate considering this possible structural reorganization is His600. In the present work, the role of His600 of TOP was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. TOP H600A mutant was characterized through analysis of S1 and S1′ specificity, pH-activity profile and inhibition by JA-2. Results showed that TOP His600 residue makes important interactions with the substrate, supporting the prediction that His600 moves toward the substrate due to a hinge movement similar to the Dcp and ACE-2. Furthermore, the mutation H600A affected both Km and kcat, showing the importance of His600 for both substrate binding and/or product release from active site. Changes in the pH-profile may indicate also the participation of His600 in TOP catalysis, transferring a proton to the newly generated NH2-terminus or helping Tyr605 and/or Tyr612 in the intermediate oxyanion stabilization. 相似文献
9.
We investigated the involvement of prostaglandin E (PGE) receptor subtype EP3 in the regulatory mechanism of duodenal HCO3− secretion in rats. A proximal duodenal loop or a chambered stomach was perfused with saline, and HCO3− secretion was measured using a pH-stat method and by adding 2 mM HCl. Mucosal acidification was achieved through 10 min of exposure to 10 mM HCl in the duodenum or 100 mM HCl in the stomach. Various EP agonists or the EP4 antagonist were given i.v., while the EP1 or EP3 antagonist was given s.c. or i.d., respectively. Sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonists) stimulated duodenal HCO3− secretion in a dose-dependent manner, and this response was inhibited by AE5-599 (EP3 antagonist) but not AE3-208 (EP4 antagonist). AE1-329 (EP4 agonist) also increased duodenal HCO3− secretion, and this action was inhibited by AE3-208 but not AE5-599. The response to PGE2 or acidification in the duodenum was partially attenuated by AE5-599 or AE3-208 alone but completely abolished by the combined administration. Duodenal damage caused by mucosal perfusion with 150 mM HCl for 4 h was worsened by pretreatment with AE5-599 and AE3-208 as well as indomethacin and further aggravated by co-administration of these antagonists. Neither the EP3 nor EP4 antagonist had any effect on the gastric response induced by PGE2 or acidification. These results clearly demonstrate the involvement of EP3 receptors, in addition to EP4 receptors, in the regulation of duodenal HCO3− secretion as well as the maintenance of the mucosal integrity of the duodenum against acid injury. 相似文献
10.
Stasi LP Bhimani K Borriello M Canciani L Caselli G Colace F Ferioli C Kaswala M Mennuni L Piepoli T Pucci S Salvi M Shirsath V Zanelli T Zerbi S 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(21):6336-6340
The construction of a EP(4) antagonists pharmacophore model and the discovery of a highly potent oxepinic series of EP(4) antagonists is discussed. Compound 1a exhibits an excellent selectivity profile toward EP(2) receptor subtype and low cytochrome P450 inhibition potential. 相似文献