抗RA33抗体、RF、CRP、ANA与ENA联合检测在类风湿性关节炎患者诊断、治疗及预后中的作用

目的：探讨血清抗RA33抗体、RF、CRP联合检测在类风湿性关节炎患者诊断、治疗及预后中的作用。方法：采用ELISA法对35例类风湿性关节炎患者和30例健康对照者进行抗RA33抗体的检测,间接免疫荧光法检测ANA、免疫印迹法检测ENA,免疫比浊法进行类风湿因子（RF）及CRP的检测。结果：类风湿性关节炎患者组RF水平为：[（104．51±153．88）KIU／L]与健康对照组[（10．89±2．78）KIU／L]比较,差异非常显著（p〈0．01）;类风湿性关节炎组CRP[（11．60±23．24）mg／L]与健康对照组[（2．57±2．18）mg／L]比较,差异显著（p〈0．05）;类风湿性关节炎组抗RA33抗体水平：[（17．81±35．11）U／mL]与健康对照组[（8．10±8．40）U／mL]比较,差异非常显著（p〈0．01）。RF、抗RA33抗体、CRP及ANA诊断类风湿性关节炎的灵敏度分别为：80．00％,34．29％,42．86％,62．86％;RF、抗RA33抗体、CRP及ANA诊断类风湿性关节炎的特异性分别为：93.33％,93.33％,90．00％,96．67％;ENA的检出率均较低。结论：类风湿性关节炎患者抗RA33抗体检出的灵敏度低,但特异性强。对类风湿性关节炎患者进行抗RA33抗体、ANA、RF、CRP、ENA联合检测,对于疾病的进展、病因分析、指导治疗和改善预后均具有重要意义。     

Beneficial effects of losartan on vascular injury induced by advanced glycosylation end products and their receptors in spontaneous hypertension rats

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ENA Actimineral Resource A (ENA-A), seaweed origin alkaline water, on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The 12-week old Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: ovariectomized (OVX), OVX plus 0.5% ENA-A, OVX plus 5% ENA-A and OVX plus 10% ENA-A. A histopathological analysis indicated that ENA-A could prevent OVX-induced bone loss by increasing femur trabecular bone area in a dose-dependent manner. ENA-A significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum estradiol levels, decreased serum osteocalcin activity and suppressed serum pyridinoline (PYD) levels. The in vitro effects of ENA-A were also studied using MC3T3-E1 cells. ENA-A significantly stimulated cell proliferation and increased both ALP activity and calcium deposition in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the treatment of ovariectomized rats with ENA-A not only prevents bone resorption but also appears to maintain the cancellous bone structure of postmeopausal osteoporosis.     

Improvement of single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by allele-specific PCR using primers modified with an ENA residue

When we placed an ENA residue into primers at the 3' end, or the n-1, n-2, or n-3 position, which included a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site at the 3' end, only primers containing the ENA residue at the n-2 position were read by Taq DNA polymerase for amplification. The use of the ENA primers avoided the generation of undesired short products, which are thought to be derived from primer-dimers. A greater discrimination of the SNP site by these primers containing the ENA residue was observed compared with that of the corresponding unmodified DNA primers that are often used for allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). This improvement is probably due to the difficulty of incorporating a nucleotide into the mismatched ENA primer by Taq DNA polymerase in the modified primer-template duplex. These results demonstrate that ENA primer-based AS-PCR would enable a rapid and reliable technique for SNP genotyping.     

Adult cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy and Addison's disease in a female carrier

We described a 38-year-old woman of rapidly progressive dementia with white matter encephalopathy and death. She had Addison's disease but the adrenal glands were hyperplastic. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse white matter lesion predominantly in the frontal lobe with band-like contrast enhancement. l-Methyl-11C-methionine positron emission tomography revealed accumulation of tracer in bilateral frontal lobes. Stereotactic biopsy demonstrated demyelination changes. A number of urinary organic acids were elevated. Adrenoleukodystrophy was diagnosed by elevated plasma very long chain fatty acid and ABCD1 gene mutation (C1544C/T). Adrenoleukodystrophy should be considered as a differential diagnosis in women with rapidly progressive white matter encephalopathy.     

Renadirsen,a Novel 2′OMeRNA/ENA® Chimera Antisense Oligonucleotide,Induces Robust Exon 45 Skipping for Dystrophin In Vivo

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disease caused by out-of-frame or nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene. It begins with a loss of ambulation between 9 and 14 years of age, followed by various other symptoms including cardiac dysfunction. Exon skipping of patients’ DMD pre-mRNA induced by antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) is expected to produce shorter but partly functional dystrophin proteins, such as those possessed by patients with the less severe Becker muscular dystrophy. We are working on developing modified nucleotides, such as 2′-O,4′-C-ethylene-bridged nucleic acids (ENAs), possessing high nuclease resistance and high affinity for complementary RNA strands. Here, we demonstrate the preclinical characteristics (exon-skipping activity in vivo, stability in blood, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution) of renadirsen, a novel AO modified with 2′-O-methyl RNA/ENA chimera phosphorothioate designed for dystrophin exon 45 skipping and currently under clinical trials. Notably, systemic delivery of renadirsen sodium promoted dystrophin exon skipping in cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and diaphragm, compared with AOs with the same sequence as renadirsen but conventionally modified by PMO and 2′OMePS. These findings suggest the promise of renadirsen sodium as a therapeutic agent that improves not only skeletal muscle symptoms but also other symptoms in DMD patients, such as cardiac dysfunction.     

Inhibition of VEGF mRNA by 2′-O,4′−C−Ethylene-Bridgednucleicacids (ENA®) Antisense Oligonucleotides and Their Influence on Off-Target Gene Expressions

We investigated 2 ′-O,4 ′-C-ethylene-bridged nucleic acids (ENA) antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. An ENA/DNA gapmer AON with RNase H-mediated activity was virtually stable in rat plasma and exhibited more than 90% inhibition of VEGF mRNA production. Moreover, 22 genes that are likely to bind to the AON were found in the GenBank database by BLAST and CLUSTAL W searches. Three of these genes were actually inhibited by the ENA AON. In shorter ENA AONs with fewer matched sequences of these genes, inhibitiory activities were decreased and off-target effects were improved. These results indicate that ENA AONs act in a sequence-specific manner and could be used as effective antisense drugs.     

Protective effect of ions against cell death induced by acid stress in Saccharomyces

Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic used to prevent or treat antibiotic-induced gastrointestinal disorders and acute enteritis. For probiotics to be effective they must first be able to survive the harsh gastrointestinal environment. In this work, we show that S. boulardii displayed the greatest tolerance to simulated gastric environments compared with several Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains tested. Under these conditions, a pH 2.0 was the main factor responsible for decreased cell viability. Importantly, the addition of low concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) protected cells in acidic conditions more effectively than other salts. In the absence of S. boulardii mutants, the protective effects of Na⁺ in yeast viability in acidic conditions was tested using S. cerevisiae Na⁺-ATPases ( ena1-4 ), Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter ( nha1 Δ) and Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter prevacuolar ( nhx1 Δ) null mutants, respectively. Moreover, we provide evidence suggesting that this protection is determined by the plasma membrane potential, once altered by low pH and low NaCl concentrations. Additionally, the absence or low expression/activity of Ena proteins seems to be closely related to the basal membrane potential of the cells.     

抑那通对子宫内膜异位症患者术后血清HE4及ENA78水平的影响

目的:探究抑那通对子宫内膜异位症患者术后HE4、ENA78水平的影响及临床疗效。方法:选择我院收治的子宫内膜异位症患者64例,将其随机分成实验组及对照组。对照组31例予腹腔镜手术剥除异位囊肿,术后服用孕三烯酮胶囊治疗;实验组33例予腹腔镜手术剥除异位囊肿,术后辅以抑那通治疗。比较两组的临床疗效及治疗前后HE4、ENA78水平的变化。结果:实验组总有效率93.9%,显著高于对照组67.7%(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)及人附睾蛋白4(HE4蛋白)、上皮中性粒细胞活化肽(ENA78)水平均较治疗前显著下降(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组血清FSH、LH、E2、HE4蛋白及ENA78水平较低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,实验组复发率较低、妊娠率较高(P0.05)。结论:子宫内膜异位症患者在手术治疗后辅以抑那通治疗能够有效降低术后复发率,增高妊娠率,推测其机制与降低HE4及ENA78水平有关。