雄性根田鼠的同胞竞争及其对同性个体的气味识别

采用两两互作实验并以尿标记来确定共居至成年的2雄性根田鼠同胞在行为竞争上的差异,之后在行为选择箱中分别观察它们对来自熟悉和陌生同性个体的新鲜尿气味的行为反应,以确定气味识别差异。结果表明：①雄性根田鼠两两互作时,尿标记的多少可以作为判断其社会等级的标准;②从属鼠对熟悉气味存在明显偏好,其对熟悉气味的访问时间、接近频次和自我修饰频次都显著高于陌生气味;③优势鼠则优先访问陌生气味,其对陌生气味的访问时间、嗅舔频次、嗅舔时间、自我修饰及反标记均显著高于熟悉气味;④对于陌生气味,优势鼠和从属鼠之间存在明显不同的行为反应模式。本实验结果提示,雄性根田鼠对同性尿气味识别的差异以及对陌生气味的行为反应,可能暗含着其领域防卫的信息。     

青春期雌性根田鼠初次择偶行为与雄性优势等级

在实验室条件下，研究了性刚成熟的雌性根田鼠对一对互为同胎同胞的以体重划分为优势和从势的雄性个体的择偶行为，目的在于检验雄性社会等级是否影响其配偶选择。结果发现：(1)根田鼠存在显著的偏雄性二型，而雄性动物优势度与体重大小成正比；(2)在Y字型迷宫中，初次发情雌鼠对优势雄鼠的访问时间、社会探究频次和友好频次等显著大于从属雄鼠；(3)在随后24h的一雌二雄共居中，优势雄优先交配；从属雄的干扰不能中断优势雄鼠的交配。这些结果说明，体重差异可以作为划分雄性优势的指标，社会等级可以作为择偶行为的一个依据。优势雄鼠与处于从属地位的同胞相比，能获得优先交配机会。同胎同胞虽具有遗传相似性，但雄性竞争的结果表现在体重和社会等级上具有显著差异，表明配偶选择在发挥着作用。根田鼠是一雄多雌制，而且具有较大的偏雄性二型，提示社会等级、雌性选择和婚配制度有密切关联[动物学报49(3)：303—309，2003]。     

Inverted Configural Types Derived from Incomplete Contingency Tables: Q-CFA

Inverted Configural Frequency Analysis (Q-CFA) allows one to analyze complete and incomplete, symmetrical and asymmetrical cross-classifications made up by individuals rather than variables. The cells of such cross-classifications contain counts of behavior events as, for instance, pairwise interactions of individuals. The paper introduces Q-CFA. Interactions between individuals are defined as dyadic types and antitypes or as monadic types and antitypes. An example is given using data that describe genital display frequencies in squirrel monkeys. Generalizations are discussed in regard to the number of groups of individuals involved, to the type of design used for data collection, and the number of variables simultaneously analyzed.     

Dyadic associations between testosterone and relationship quality in couples

Testosterone is thought to be positively associated with “mating effort”, or the initiation and establishment of sexual relationships (Wingfield et al., 1990). Yet, because testosterone is negatively associated with nurturance (van Anders et al., 2011), high levels of testosterone may be incompatible with relationship maintenance. For instance, partnered men with high testosterone report lower relationship quality compared to partnered men with low testosterone (e.g., Booth and Dabbs, 1993). Findings for women are inconsistent, however, and even less is known about potential dyadic associations between testosterone and relationship quality in couples. In the current report, we assessed relationship satisfaction, commitment, and investment in heterosexual couples and tested the hypothesis that these aspects of relationship quality would be negatively associated with an individual's own and his/her partner's testosterone levels. We found that testosterone was in fact negatively associated with relationship satisfaction and commitment in both men and women. There was also evidence for dyadic associations: Participants' satisfaction and commitment were negatively related to their partners' levels of testosterone, and these associations were larger for women's than men's testosterone. Our findings are consistent with the idea that high testosterone may be incompatible with the maintenance of nurturant relationships. The current findings also provide some of the first evidence for dyadic associations between testosterone and relationship quality in couples, highlighting the interdependent nature of close relationship processes and the importance of considering this interdependence in social neuroendocrine research.     

Dyadic relationships and operational performance of male and female owners and their male dogs

In the paper we investigate how owner personality, attitude and gender influence dog behavior, dyadic practical functionality and the level of dog salivary cortisol. In three meetings, 12 female and 10 male owners of male dogs answered questionnaires including the Neo-FFI human personality inventory. Their dyadic behavior was video-taped in a number of test situations, and saliva samples were collected. Owners who scored highly in neuroticism (Neo-FFI dimension one) viewed their dogs as social supporters and spent much time with them. Their dogs had low baseline cortisol levels, but such dyads were less successful in the operational task. Owners who scored highly in extroversion (Neo-FFI dimension two) appreciated shared activities with their dogs which had relatively high baseline cortisol values. Dogs that had female owners were less sociable-active (dog personality axis 1) than dogs that had male owners. Therefore, it appears that owner gender and personality influences dyadic interaction style, dog behavior and dyadic practical functionality.     

基于小波变换的QRS综合波的检测

本文描述了基于二进制小波变换（DyWT),ECG信号中QRS综合波的检测。设计－小波它适合于QRS检测,将基于心电信号的特殊的特征的特征为小波的尺度。DyWT较之其它方法最基本的优点为强有力的抑制噪声检测以及在分析随时间变化ECG波形时的灵活性。     

Factors influencing the temporal patterns of dyadic behaviours and interactions between domestic cats and their owners

Human-cat dyads may be similar in interaction structure to human dyads because many humans regard their cats as being social companions. Consequently, we predict that dyadic structure will be contingent on owner and cat personalities, sex, and age as well as duration of cohabitation of the partners. Forty owner-cat dyads were visited in their homes, on four occasions, during which their behaviours and interactions were video-taped. Behaviour was coded from tape and was analysed for temporal (t)-patterns using Theme^® (Noldus; Magnusson, 1996). Owner personality was assessed using the NEO-FFI. Five cat personality axes were identified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on observer-rated items and on coded behaviours. We found that the higher the owner in neuroticism, the fewer t-patterns occurred per minute. The higher the owner in extraversion, the higher was the number of non-overlapping patterns per minute. The more “active” the cat, the fewer non-overlapping patterns occurred per minute, but the higher was the event type complexity. The older the cat, the lower was dyadic event type complexity. We suggest that basic temporal structures similar to those of human-cat dyads may also be found in other long-term and complex dyadic relationships, including those between humans.