肉牛屠宰过程中胴体在冲淋前后极端微生物组成的变化

目的对通过高压热水冲淋前后肉牛胴体表面的极端微生物数量及种类的变化规律进行研究。方法细菌菌落计数,并从分离的极端微生物中随机挑出8株厌氧菌和7株嗜冷菌,利用16S r DNA扩增、测序及生化试剂盒鉴定这些微生物的种属特征。结果冲淋前后的肉牛胴体表面细菌菌落总数从106CFU/cm2降低至500 CFU/cm2,同时冲淋前后的肉牛胴体厌氧细菌总数从2×102CFU/g下降至400 CFU/g,嗜冷细菌总数从3×104CFU/g下降至3×102CFU/g。极端微生物主要属于厌氧芽胞杆菌属Bacillus sp.、埃希菌属、肠杆菌属Enterobacter sp.、库特菌属Kurthia sp.、沙雷菌属Serratia sp.、假单胞菌属Pseudomonas sp.等6个属。结论高压热水冲淋可以很好的控制肉牛胴体表面细菌菌落总数,但对于厌氧、嗜冷等极端微生物的减菌效果不是很理想。     

Evaluation of the strains of Acinetobacter and Enterobacter as potential biocontrol agents against Ralstonia wilt of tomato

Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, causes a considerable amount of damage to tomato in Southern China. Biological control is one of the more promising approaches to reduce the disease incidence and yield losses caused by this disease. Based on antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum and three soil-borne fungal pathogens as well as biocontrol efficacy in the greenhouse, two bacterial strains Xa6 (Acinetobacter sp.) and Xy3 (Enterobacter sp.) were selected out of fourteen candidates as potential biocontrol agents. In order to find a suitable antagonist inoculation method, we compared the methods of root-dipping with soil-drenching in the aspects including rhizocompetence, biocontrol efficacy, and effect of promoting plant growth under greenhouse conditions. The drenching treatment resulted in a higher biocontrol efficacy and plant-yield increase, and this method was also easier to operate in the field on a large scale. Field trials were conducted for further evaluation of these two antagonistic strains. In both greenhouse and field experiments, the strain Xy3 had a better control effect against bacterial wilt than Xa6 did, while Xa6 caused higher biomass or yield increases. As recorded on the 75th day after treatment in two field experiments, biocontrol efficacy of Xy3 was about 65% in both field trials, and the yield increases caused by Xa6 were 32.4 and 40.7%, respectively, in the two trials. This is the first report of an Acinetobacter sp. strain used as a BCA against Ralstonia wilt of tomato.