云南羯布罗香树脂的化学成分

从云南产羯布罗香(Dipterocarpus tubinatus Gaertn. f.)树脂中分离得到6个三萜化合物,鉴定为羟基达玛烯酮—Ⅱ(hydroxydammarenone-Ⅱ,达玛烯二醇—Ⅱ(dammarenediol—Ⅱ),白桦脂酸(betulonk acid),亚细亚酸(asiatic acid),3,23-O-异丙叉亚细亚酸(3,23-O-isopropylidene asiatic acid)和崩大碗酸(madasiatic acid)。其中崩大碗酸系首次从龙脑香科树脂中分离得到。     

Volatiles released from oak, a host tree for the bark beetle Scolytus intricatus

Volatile compounds emitted in different phases of oak (Quercus robur) development (bark, unopened buds, young developing leaves, and blossoms) were analyzed with the aim of finding possible host-plant attractants for the European oak bark beetle, Scolytus intricatus. Complex mixtures of aliphatic, aromatic, and terpenoid compounds were identified in the samples. (E)-2-Hexenal and hexanal dominated in samples of bark. In buds, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate formed a substantial part of the mixture. In both leaves and blossoms (E,E)--farnesene was the main component.

Volatiles released from oak twigs and branches during both the maturation feeding and construction of maternal galleries by Scolytus intricatus were also analyzed. Most compounds found in the samples from females’ and males’ maturation feeding were identical. High contents of anisole, (E)-β-ocimene, -copaene, one unidentified sesquiterpenic hydrocarbon C₁₅H₂₄ and β-caryophyllene were found in both samples of twigs attacked by beetles. During the construction of maternal galleries by bark beetles in oak logs, monoterpene hydrocarbons such as p-cymene, (E)-β-ocimene, and γ-terpinene, and sesquiterpenes -copaene and β-caryophyllene were released in large quantities. No new compound appeared when males were added to the log with feeding females.     

Amino acids,polyamines and proteins during seed germination of two species of Dipterocarpaceae

Summary Amino acid, polyamine and protein concentrations in seeds and their evolution during seed germination of two dipterocarp species, Hopea odorata and Dipterocarpus alatus, were determined with the help of a multianalytical system. Glutamic acid and glutamine were the major amino compounds present. Hopea seeds also contain high levels of aspartic acid/asparagine, serine, threonine, arginine and alanine, while those of Dipterocarpus contain high levels of alanine, arginine and threonine. These species were quite different in their germination behavior and thus in their protein and amine metabolism rates. In Hopea, polyamines increased during the first 3 days of germination and reached a maximum by the 3rd day, 1 day before maximum germination rate. In Dipterocarpus polyamines reached their maximum at the 6th day while maximum germination rate is observed by the 7th day. This suggests that polyamine compounds could play a role in the early part of the germination process in Hopea and Dipterocarpus seeds. The possibility that control of polyamine biosynthesis could be used for the establishment of biochemical methods to improve seed storage and to control germination of these recalcitrant seeds is discussed.     

中国颊脊隐翅虫属二点与一点颊脊隐翅虫亚属三新种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国颊脊隐翅虫属Quedius二点颊脊隐翅虫亚属Microsaurus和一点颊脊隐翅虫亚属Raphirus 3新种,李氏二点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(Microsaurus)lii sp.nov.,肖氏二点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(Microsaurus)xiaoae sp.nov.,和粪一点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(Rphirus)coprobius sp.nov..李氏二点颊脊隐翅虫至今未归入任何种群,可能代表一个新群,肖氏二点颊脊隐翅虫隶属二点颊脊隐翅虫亚属的穆柯颊脊隐翅虫群mukuensis,粪一点颊脊隐翅虫为一点颊脊隐翅虫亚属的里颊脊隐翅虫群intricatus的成员.     

The effect of shade on leaf structure and physiology of tree seedlings from a mixed dipterocarp forest

This study builds upon past work investigating seedling leaf physiology and structure among tropical trees. We seek to explain how related and unrelated species and genera co‐occur in relation to varying amounts of shade. Seedlings of eight Sri Lankan rain forest tree species in three genera (Dipterocarpus, Mesua, Shorea section Doona) were grown for 2 years in four treatments that simulated a variety of shade environments across the understorey of a rain forest. All three genera comprise major canopy tree species of mixed dipterocarp forest, a widespread and important Asian tropical forest type. Compared with the other genera, Dipterocarpus spp. had the largest leaves, the thinnest leaf blades and relatively high rates of stomatal conductivity across all shade treatments, making them water‐loving species sensitive to droughty soils. Mesua spp. had intermediate sized leaves, with the thickest leaf blades and palisade mesophyll layers, the highest stomatal densities, the smallest aperture sizes and the lowest rates of stomatal conductance, making them the most water conservative. Shorea spp. were generally intermediate in blade and palisade mesophyll dimensions between Dipterocarpus spp. and Mesua spp., but they had the smallest leaves. Greater differences among genera than among species within genera were apparent, but species differences within genera were also apparent. Differences among genera and species conform to their known successional status and topographical affinities and provide a more comprehensive understanding of species site adaptation. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 167 , 332–343.     

缠结龙脑香的引种栽培

缠结龙脑香（DiterocarpusintricatusDyer）是龙脑香科的热带树种。其分布仅限于东南亚的老挝、缅甸、泰国和越南。常与钝叶婆罗双（Shoreaobtusa）、小瘤龙脑香（D．tuberculatus）、海滨油楠（Sindoramaritima）和大果紫檀（Pterocarpusmacrocarpa）等组成干性落叶龙脑香林。也见于泰国东北部低地龙脑香林（NainKhai）,生长于排水较好的盐土和酸土。或呈斑点状分布于平地和低纬度具一定坡度的石灰山［1］。在种源地泰国曼谷,地处北纬13－45’,东经100°30’,海拔8m,年平均温28．1℃,极端最高温41．1℃,极端最低温11．1℃,年平…     

超低温冷冻对羯布罗香种子结构和生理生化特性的影响

为长期、稳定、有效地保存羯布罗香(Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn.F.)种子,探讨了低温冷藏对种子活力、结构和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,45%的含水量是种子的安全储藏含水量;玻璃化冷冻和缓慢冷冻对种子结构损害较大,且冷冻后的种子活力下降幅度大;快速冷冻法是种子超低温保存的最佳冷冻方式;液氮冷冻降低了种子过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性,提高了α-淀粉酶活性,而对丙二醛含量无显著影响。因此,超低温保存羯布罗香种子是科学可行的。     

牛洛河自然保护区东京龙脑香林群落特征研究

东京龙脑香(Dipterocarpus retusus)是国家I级重点保护野生植物,是东南亚热带雨林的标志性树种,目前有关该群落学的研究尚处于空白。该研究通过实地踏查,采用典型选样法布设4个30 m×30 m的群落样地、20个10 m×10 m的种群样方,记录样地内的物种及其株高、胸径、数量,群落特征等,并通过分布区类型划分、群落物种多样性分析及种群年龄结构划分等方法,分析了东京龙脑香林群落学与种群学特征。结果表明:(1)样地中共记录种子植物181种,隶属76科143属,其中热带性质科有58科、热带性质属有126属、热带性质种有162种,科、属、种热带成分比例分别为76.32%、88.11%、89.50%,表明该群落具有强烈的热带性质。(2)该群落物种多样性指数整体较高,多样性指数(d_(Ma)、H')在群落不同层次中均表现为灌木层乔木层草本层的特征;均匀度指数(J_(sw))在不同层次中比较接近;优势度指数(D)表现为草本层乔木层灌木层。(3)从乔木层重要值来看,东京龙脑香的最大,为26.85,显示出绝对的优势,是该群落的优势种、建群种。(4)该种群年龄结构为正金字塔型,表明该种群处于增长时期,为增长型种群。