Incompatibility behavior of a symbiotic plasmid pMH7653Rb in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mesorhizobium huakuii</Emphasis> 7653R

Mesorhizobium huakuii strain 7653R harbored two indigenous plasmids named pMH7653Ra and pMH7653Rb. The larger plasmid pMH7653Rb (symbiotic plasmid) was transferred to M. huakuii HN308SR harboring three plasmids: pMHHN308a, pMHHN308b and pMHHN308c, and HN3015SR harboring three plasmids: pMHHN3015a, pMHHN3015b and pMHHN3015c by tri-parent mating. Two stable indigenous plasmids, pMHHN308b and pMHHN308c of HN308SR, were co-eliminated due to the introduction of pMH7653Rb, and the transconjugant was named HN308SRN14. The results implied that pMH7653Rb and pMHHN308b, pMHHN308c were incompatible and might have been ascribed to the same incompatible group. The plasmid profiles of transconjugant HN3015SRN14 showed that the second largest plasmid pMHHN3015b of HN3015SR was cured due to the introduction of pMH7653Rb. The results also implied that pMH7653Rb and pMHHN3015b were incompatible. Results from plant nodulation tests showed that pMH7653Rb could only maintain the nodulation ability in transconjugant HN308SRN14 and its nodule number was more than that of wild strain HN308SR, but could not replace the nitrogen fixation effect of pMHHN308b and pMHHN308c. The plasmid cured mutant HN308SRN14D harboring only pMHHN308a formed null nodules that demonstrated pMHHN308a was relevant to nodulation ability. HN3015SRN14 harboring pMH7653Rb, pMHHN3015a and pMHHN3015c formed null nodules while HN3015SRN14D containing pMHHN3015a and pMHHN3015c lost the nodulation ability. The plasmid replication repC-like gene sequences were detected by a polymerase chain reaction from 7653R, HN308, HN3015, HN308SRN14 and HN3015SRN14. The repC gene sequence similarities of the strains tested attained 99%.     

巨龙竹生殖器官形态结构及雌、雄配子体的发育

通过石蜡切片的方法对巨龙竹生殖器官结构、大小孢子的发生和雌、雄配子体的发育过程进行了观察研究。 巨龙竹为一心皮组成的单室单子房,子房内具有一个胚珠,倒生、双珠被、厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能。胚囊的发育为蓼型,具多个反足细胞。巨龙竹的花药壁由4层结构组成,包括表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层;花药壁发育为单子叶型,绒毡层为腺质型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为四面体型;成熟花粉粒为2细胞型,具1个萌发孔。小穗发育雌雄异熟,雌蕊的发育早于雄蕊的发育。     

Digestive gut structure and activity of protease, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase in Calanus sinicus during summer in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

Calanus sinicus aggregate at the depth of 40–60 m (ambient temperature is 16 °C) in the waters of the continental shelf of the Yellow Sea during summer. In animals found in near shore regions, there are changes in digestive gut cells structure, digestive enzyme activity (protease, amylase), and tissue enzyme (alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), which may represent adaptations by this cold-water animal to a sharp seasonal increase in temperature of 6–23 °C. The activities of the digestive enzymes (protease and amylase) are very low in animals at stations near the estuary of Yangtse River, whereas they are relatively high in animals at stations in the central Yellow Sea. During summer, B-cells of the intestine and the villi intestinalis disappear in animals that do not feed at stations near the estuary of the Yangtse River. Respiration rates were undetectable or quite low during summer in C. sinicus from stations near the estuary of the Yangtse River, whereas they were relatively high at stations in the central Yellow Sea. Based upon the morphological characteristics of the digestive gut structure, enzyme levels, respiration rates, and the distribution of C. sinicus, we concluded that C. sinicus might be dormant during summer in the near shore areas of the East China Sea while remaining active in the central Yellow Sea.     

Expression of the Kidney Bean Phenylalanine-Ammonia Lyase Gene in the Hairy Roots of Astragalus sinicus

Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Astragalus sinicus plants were transformed with the kidney bean pal5 gene coding for phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL). The hairy root culture thus obtained manifested enhanced PAL activity and lignin content in the cell walls; in addition, the transformed cells differed from the wild-type ones in several electrophysiological indices. In particular, the diffusion component of the total membrane potential of plasmalemma increased in the pal-transformed roots. The authors presume that the volume density of the protein-related negative charge of the cytoplasm increases in the transformed root cells along with changes in the cytoplasmic pH and pCa²⁺, the extent of coupling of these two indices, and the hydraulic conductivity of plasmodesmata.     

Coexistence of two mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in Japanese populations of Hypera postica (Col., Curculionidae)

Abstract:  In Japan, the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica , was first recorded in 1982 from Fukuoka and Okinawa Prefectures and has been spreading to many other prefectures. The weevil seriously infests the Chinese milk vetch, Astragalus sinicus , one of the most important honey resources for honeybees in Japan. Direct sequencing of partial mitochondrial DNA and PCR-RFLP data for alfalfa weevil individuals indicated the coexistence of two haplotypes at various localities in Japan. Molecular phylogenetic analysis for H. postica haplotypes and strains indicated that the two Japanese haplotypes had not derived from a single genetic origin. Based on the results, special comments are made on biological control measures using introduced parasitic waSPS.     

Localization of ATPese and Dynamic Change in its Activity within Root Nodules of Legumes

The study on localization of ATP-ase in root nodules of Astragalus sinicus and Sesbania cannabina shows that the particles of lead phosphate precipitates resulting from the reaction of ATP hydrolytic enzyme are distributed in cell wall, plasmolemma, cytoplasm and peribacteroid membranes etc. of the host cells. This ATP-ase plays an important role in the transportation and absorption of substances. Owing to the need of photosynthates provided for the nitrogen fixation of root nodules, the active reaction of ATP-ase in bacteroids varies with their developments. The numbers of bacteroids having ATP hydrolytic enzyme in young root nodules are significantly less than those in senescent nodules. Possibly, this active reaction is related with the physiological function of nitrogen fixation of bacteroids at different development stages.     

中华菊头蝠头骨形态特征地理差异的研究

中华菊头蝠是由鲁氏菊头蝠华东亚种提升的一个种.本文测量了海南、广东以及川渝地区中华菊头蝠的23项头骨形态测量指标,应用主成分分析、判别分析和单变量分析方法对中华菊头蝠头骨测量值进行数据处理和分析.主成分分析结果表明,3个地域种群的头骨在总体形态上存在显著的差异;判别分析和单变量分析的结果亦与上述结论相符;沿海种群头骨形态的绝大部分指标比川渝种群大.     

诱导紫云英根瘤菌nod基因表达的一些植物因子

利用柱层析、薄层层析（TLC）和高压液相色谱（HPLC）从紫云英种子中分离并纯化对紫云英根瘤菌nd基因表达有诱导活性的成分,质谱（MS）鉴定为抽皮素（naringenin）。19种类黄酮或非类黄酮化合物对紫云英根瘤菌结瘤基因表达的诱导活性实验表明,紫云英根瘤菌的结瘤基因可以应答多种诱导咸分,除抽皮素外,还有类黄酮物质毛地黄黄酮（luteolin）、大豆素（daidzein）以及非类黄酮化合物7-羟基香豆素（umbelliferone）和葫芦巴碱（trigonelline）。     

酵母pro 2基因转化紫云英的研究

用外植体一农杆菌共培养法将酵母脯氨酸合成酶基因2(pro 2)导入豆科牧草紫云英,获得转基因植株。Southern blot分析检测到转化植株基因组中存在外源DNA的同源顺序,证明酵母pro 2基因已整合到紫云英细胞基因组中。转化植株具有强的NPT Ⅱ酶活性,而对照植株呈阴性反应。在含0.5%NaCl的培养基上,紫云英植株内游离脯氨酸含量增高,一些转化植株叶片内游离脯氨酸含量显著高于对照,而且耐盐性有所提高。转化植株移栽到土壤中开花结实,收获到R_1代种子。