降血脂药物（DEHP）对酰基CoA氧化酶基因反式作用因子的影响

从对照和用ＤＥＨＰ处理的大鼠肝脏提取核蛋白,以含酰基ＣｏＡ氧化酶（ＡＯＸ）基因表达调控部位的ＤＮＡ片段和该基因的不同蛋白结合位点的ＤＮＡ片段作为核蛋白结合反应的探针,通过凝胶电泳迁移率改变实验和Ｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析检查了ＤＥＨＰ对ＡＯＸ基因反式作用因子的影响。结果表明,降血脂药物ＤＥＨＰ可显著增加ＡＯＸ基因反式作用因子的含量和（或）与基因的结合活性,在转录水平上促进基因的表达。     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯对大鼠胎盘组织的影响

目的:探讨孕期不同剂量邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)暴露对大鼠胎盘组织形态学和超微结构的影响,以推断DEHP对胎盘结构和功能的损害。方法:健康雌性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组,妊娠第11日起每日给予DEHP灌胃,剂量分别为:对照组(玉米油)、低剂量组(100 mg/kg)、中剂量组(500 mg/kg)和高剂量组(1000 mg/kg),妊娠第19日处死孕鼠,取胎盘组织分别做HE染色和电镜制片,观察各剂量组胎盘形态学及超微结构的变化。结果:各剂量组胎盘形态学和超微结构的变化与DEHP摄入量呈负相关,低剂量组胎盘无明显改变;中剂量组胎盘缩小,空泡化细胞增多,微观结构显示胞质内线粒体水肿;高剂量组胎盘迷路带血窦扩张淤血严重,滋养细胞变性、坏死。结论:DEHP可导致大鼠胎盘形态结构发生改变,这种病理改变是胎盘功能减退的形态学基础,可直接影响胚胎发育和妊娠结局。     

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯对鲤非特异性免疫的影响及遗传毒性

以水和吐温-80为对照,用5、20、80、160 mg/L的邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯（DEHP）对鲤染毒20d,研究了DEHP对鲤非特异性免疫功能的影响及遗传毒性。结果表明: 吐温-80组与水对照组相比除红细胞总核异常率显著升高外,所测定的各项指标差异均不显著。80、160 mg/L组白细胞吞噬活力、吞噬指数,血清抗菌活力,溶菌酶活性均显著低于水对照组和吐温-80组（P0.05或P0.01）,且20 mg/L组白细胞吞噬活力、吞噬指数显著低于水对照组。与吐温-80组相比,160 mg/L组血清C3含量显著降低,5、20、80 mg/L组C3含量,5、20、80、160 mg/L组C4含量则无显著性差异。20、80、160 mg/L组C3含量,160 mg/L组C4含量显著低于水对照组（P0.05或P0.01）。160 mg/L组红细胞微核率显著高于吐温-80组,80、160 mg/L组红细胞微核率显著高于水对照组。在DEHP实验浓度范围内,红细胞核异常率、总核异常率,肝细胞DPC系数均显著高于水对照组和吐温-80组。一定浓度的DEHP对鲤具有免疫毒性和遗传毒性。       

固定化微生物对多环芳烃污染土壤的降解

利用微生物固定化技术,研究了微生物固定化菌剂对土壤中菲、蒽、芘、(艹屈)和苯并(a)芘的降解动态,并且采用Michaelis-Menton和Monod动力学模型对结果进行拟合.结果显示,4种处理(TB02、TB07、TBB03、TBB08)均有降解菲、蒽、芘、(艹屈)和苯并(a)芘的能力.其中,处理TB02的降解能力强、降解速率快、半衰期短且处理成本低,而处理TB07则需要较长时间作用于PAHs污染土壤,其降解能力才能充分发挥出来.当菲、蒽、芘、(艹屈)和苯并(a)芘的初始浓度均为20 mg·kg-1时,42 d后,TB02对菲、蒽、芘、(艹屈)和苯并(a)芘的降解率分别为84.32%、85.24%、82.59%、43.75%和62.25%; 133 d后,TB07对5种污染物的降解率分别为95.00%、95.24%、90.93%、74.82%和72.20%.通过比较5种污染物半衰期,其可降解性由大到小依次为菲、蒽、芘、苯并(a)芘、(艹屈).     

Plant-originated glycoprotein (24 kDa) has an inhibitory effect on proliferation of BNL CL.2 cells in response to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

Di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is one of the many environmental chemicals that are widely used in polyvinyl chloride products, vinyl flooring, food packaging and infant toys. They cause cell proliferation or dysfunction of human liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of a glycoprotein (24 kDa) isolated from Zanthoxylum piperitum DC (ZPDC) on proliferation of liver cell in the DEHP‐induced BNL CL. 2 cells. [³H]‐thymidine incorporation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization and activity of protein kinase C (PKC) were measured using radioactivity and fluorescence method respectively. The expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinases [extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)], activator protein (AP)‐1 (c‐Jun and c‐Fos), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cell cycle‐related factors (cyclin D1/cyclin‐dependent kinase [CDK] 4) were evaluated using Western blotting or electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results in this study showed that the levels of [³H]‐thymidine incorporation, intracellular ROS, intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization and activity of PKCα were inhibited by ZPDC glycoprotein (100 µg/ml) in the DEHP‐induced BNL CL. 2 cells. Also, activities of ERK, JNK and AP‐1 were reduced by ZPDC glycoprotein (100 µg/ml). With regard to cell proliferation, activities of PCNA and cyclin D1/CDK4 were significantly suppressed at treatment with ZPDC glycoprotein (100 µg/ml) in the presence of DEHP. Taken together, these findings suggest that ZPDC glycoprotein significantly normalized activities of PCNA and cyclin D1/CDK4, which relate to cell proliferation factors. Thus, ZPDC glycoprotein appears to be one of the compounds derived from natural products that are able to inhibit cell proliferation in the phthalate‐induced BNL CL. 2 cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江口海域真刺唇角水蚤的分布及其对全球变暖的响应

基于1959和2002年在长江口28°00′—32°00′N、122°00′—123°30′ E海域4个季节8个航次的海洋调查资料,分析了长江口海域真刺唇角水蚤的水平分布和季节变化特征及其对气候变暖的响应.结果表明：长江口海域真刺唇角水蚤平均丰度在夏秋季较低、冬春季较高,冬季真刺唇角水蚤的出现率最高,春、夏季具明显的集群性;盐度是影响真刺唇角水蚤水平分布的主要因素,该种分布的最适温度约16 ℃,最适盐度在12～20,属暖温性咸淡水种;与1959年相比,2002年长江口海域真刺唇角水蚤丰度明显降低,这可能与全球变暖有关,可作为长江口海洋变暖的一个重要指示种.春季真刺唇角水蚤的高丰度值出现在长江口最大浑浊带水域,这对于维持该水域渔场功能和生态系统的其他功能具有重要意义.     

Turnover of enzymes of peroxisomal β-oxidation in rat liver

Male Wistar rats were given a diet containing 2% (w/w) di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), a peroxisomal proliferator, for 4 weeks. The activities of enzymes of peroxisomal β-oxidation and of catalase were markedly increased by the DEHP administration. The time required to reach halfway to the maximal induction for enzymes of peroxisomal β-oxidation was 5–7 days, whereas that for catalase was 3 days. A separate DEHP group was placed on the control diet after 14 days of feeding with the DEHP diet. On the withdrawal of DEHP, activities of enzymes of the β-oxidation system and of catalase decreased to the control levels with a half-life of 2–3 days. Responses of some mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation are also described.     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的细菌生物降解

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(dis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEHP)是一种人工合成的有机化合物,其作为增塑剂,因具有优良的柔韧性、可塑性和耐久性等特征而被广泛应用在个人护理、医疗器械、食品包装和塑料制造等领域。DEHP在土壤、水体和大气等环境中普遍存在,且由于DEHP是一种常见的内分泌干扰物,具有生殖毒性、免疫毒性以及神经毒性等,不仅给生态环境造成了威胁,而且可通过食物链进入人体给健康带来危害。因此,去除环境中的DEHP备受关注。DEHP的生物降解被认为是最绿色环保的降解方式,目前已有不少关于DEHP生物降解的研究报道。本文综述了DEHP的污染及危害、细菌生物降解现状,重点介绍了DEHP经酯键水解、β氧化、原儿茶酸降解、苯甲酸降解以及三羧酸循环等过程实现完全降解的途径,以及从基因层面阐述DEHP降解的分子机制,并针对DEHP生物降解目前还存在的问题进行总结和展望,为环境中DEHP有效生物降解提供参考。