鸭儿芹的化学成分及对Hep G2细胞毒性

该研究采用大孔树脂(D101)、硅胶、羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)和十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(ODS)等色谱方法,对鸭儿芹的化学成分进行了分离纯化,根据理化性质、质谱和核磁共振波谱数据,并参考相关文献综合分析化合物结构,进而采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法,对鸭儿芹化合物抗Hep G2细胞活性进行筛选。结果表明:共从鸭儿芹中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为p-(acetylamino)phenol(1),辛酸甲酯(2),丁酸异戊酯(3),N,N-二甲基-苯并咪唑-2胺(4),5-羟基-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧苯基)庚3酮(5),3,5二丁基六氢吡咯里嗪(6),(S)-4-(1-hydroxyallyl)phenyl acetate(7)。其中,化合物6对细胞具有抑制作用,抑制率达到89.1%。该研究结果表明化合物1-7均为首次从鸭儿芹中分离得到,其中化合物6对Hep G2细胞的生长具有抑制作用,且具有剂量依赖性。     

New Taxa of Umbelliferae from China

Five new taxa of the family Umbelliferae are described from China They are Pimpinella filipedicellata S. L. Liou, Acronema yadongense S. L. Liou, Sinocarum bijiangense S. L. Liou, Hydrocotyle salwinica var. obtusiloba S. L. Liou, Cryptotaenia japonica f. pinnatisecta S. L. Liou.     

鸭儿芹羟基肉桂酸转移酶基因的克隆及其对不同温度的响应

以贵州省野生鸭儿芹为研究对象,用RT-PCR克隆获得与木质素合成有关的羟基肉桂酸转移酶基因(CjHCT),并分析CjHCT基因对不同温度的响应,探索人工栽培鸭儿芹的适宜温度。结果表明:(1)CjHCT基因开放阅读框长度为1 290bp,编码429个氨基酸;蛋白质分子质量为47.58kD,等电点为6.67;进化树分析表明,CjHCT与茄科植物的HCT亲缘关系最近。(2)荧光定量PCR分析显示,CjHCT基因在贵州鸭儿芹根、叶柄、叶及花不同组织中的表达具有组织特异性,且在根中CjHCT基因的表达量最高,而在叶中表达量最低,花与叶中该基因表达量相近。(3)对鸭儿芹生长过程中主要面临的4种不同温度(10℃、18℃、30℃和38℃)分别处理0、0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24h,荧光定量PCR检测显示,CjHCT基因的表达量(以0h处理作为对照,表达量为1)在高温(30℃和38℃)处理下于0.5h时最高,其中30℃处理的CjHCT基因表达量高于38℃处理;在低温(10℃和18℃)下鸭儿芹CjHCT基因表达量于12h时最高,其中10℃处理0.5h时CjHCT基因较对照表现为下调;高温(30℃和38℃)下CjHCT基因表达量峰值比低温(10℃和18℃)下表达量峰值高,而且峰值出现的时间也较早。该实验意义在于初步研究发现低温栽培鸭儿芹能抑制CjHCT基因的表达,为人工栽培鸭儿芹温度调控提供了参考。     

鸭儿芹的综合利用及其栽培与繁殖技术

鸭儿芹是一种主要分布于日本、朝鲜以及我国长江流域以南地区的野生植物。因其特有的生物学和生态学特性,现在药用、食用以及园林中得到开发利用。文中介绍了鸭儿芹的生物学特性,药用与食用价值,繁殖和栽培技术,以及园林造景的应用,为今后更好的开发利用该种植物提供全面的资料。     

GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF SEED DISPERSAL IN THREE SYMPATRIC FOREST HERBS. I. HIERARCHICAL POPULATION-GENETIC STRUCTURE

To examine the effects of seed dispersal on spatial genetic structure, we compare three sympatric species of forest herbs in the family Apiaceae whose fruits differ widely in morphological adaptations for animal-attached dispersal. Cryptotaenia canadensis has smooth fruits that are gravity dispersed, whereas Osmorhiza claytonii and Sanicula odorata fruits have appendages that facilitate their attachment to animals. The relative seed-dispersal ability among species, measured as their ability to remain attached to mammal fur, is ranked Sanicula > Osmorhiza > Cryptotaenia. We use a nested hierarchical sampling design to analyze genetic structure at spatial scales ranging from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers. Genetic differentiation among population subdivisions, estimated by average genetic distance and hierarchical F-statistics, has an inverse relationship with dispersal ability such that Cryptotaenia > Osmorhiza > Sanicula. In each species, genetic differentiation increases with distance among population subdivisions. Stochastic variation in gene flow, arising from seed dispersal by attachment to animals, may partly explain the weak relationship between pairwise spatial and genetic distance among populations and heterogeneity in estimates of single locus F-statistics. A hierarchical island model of gene flow is invoked to describe the effects of seed dispersal on population genetic structure. Seed dispersal is the predominant factor affecting variation in gene flow among these ecologically similar, taxonomically related species.     

鸭儿芹及制品中矿质元素分析

采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法,测定了鸭儿芹及制品中钾、钙、钠、镁、铁、锌、锰、铜等8种矿质元素.对测定分析条件进行了实验,以氯化铯为电离抑制剂,用氯化锶消除磷对钙的干扰,盐酸浓度控制在2%以内,获得了满意效果.实验加标回收率为90.5%～108.2%,相对偏差为0.3%～0.7%,适合于植物材料中微量元素的分析测定.实验结果表明:鲜鸭儿芹中钾含量很高,达到44.774 mg/g,钙含量达到11.296 mg/g,同一元素在不同制品中含量存在明显差异.     

鸭儿芹肉桂酸4-羟化酶基因的克隆与不同温度下的表达分析

为研究鸭儿芹木质素合成相关基因,以贵州省野生鸭儿芹为研究对象,克隆到1条1 631bp长的肉桂酸4-羟化酶(C4H)基因(CjC4 H),并以鸭儿芹生长过程中主要面临的4种不同温度(10℃、18℃、30℃和38℃)处理0、0.5、1、2、4、8、12和24h,考察鸭儿芹木质素合成基因CjC4 H的表达情况,探讨鸭儿芹木质素合成基因受温度的调控关系,为鸭儿芹适宜生长温度的选择提供参考。开放阅读框(ORF)分析显示,CjC4 H基因的开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1 521bp,可编码506个氨基酸,蛋白分子质量为58.13kD,等电点为9.38。进化树分析表明,同科植物之间C4H进化上相对保守。实时定量PCR检测鸭儿芹中CjC4 H基因与温度的响应表达,结果表明38℃高温处理4h时,CjC4 H基因表达量远高于其他温度处理;而10℃和18℃相对低温处理,CjC4 H基因表达在24h时明显提高。     

伞形科鸭儿芹属植物营养成分及矿质元素含量分析

鸭儿芹属（Cryptotaenia DC.）隶属于伞形科（Apiaceae）,全世界有5或6种,均为草本植物,其中部分种类可供食用。鸭儿芹（C. japonica Hassk.）自然分布于中国[1],别名三叶芹、鸭脚板、鸭掌菜或野芹菜,具有一定的药用价值和保健功能,也是一种营养丰富的蔬菜,在中国广东（佛山）、湖南、湖北、贵州和江苏等地均有一定种植面积,也是日本设施农业栽培面积最大的蔬菜种类。目前有关鸭儿芹的研究主要集中在种子产量、栽培措施及病虫害防治等方面。     

鸭儿芹根、茎、叶挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸气蒸溜法提取其根、茎、叶中的挥发油,利用GC-MS联用仪对其化学成分进行分析,以归一化法计算各个化学成分的相对含量.鸭儿芹根挥发油中共分离出11个峰,鉴定出11种化合物,占总离子峰的98.61％,主要成分为α-芹子烯、γ-芹子烯等;茎中共分离出25个峰,鉴定出25种化合物,占总离子峰的100.00％,主要成分为...     

Intercontinental disjunctions in Cryptotaenia (Apiaceae, Oenantheae): an appraisal using molecular data

Aim The angiosperm genus Cryptotaenia (family Apiaceae, tribe Oenantheae) exhibits an anomalous distribution pattern, with five of its eight species being narrow endemics geographically isolated from their presumed relatives. We examined the monophyly of the genus and ascertained the phylogenetic placements of its constituent members in order to explain their distribution patterns. Location Eastern North America, eastern Asia, the Caucasus, southern Italy, Macaronesia and Africa. Methods In total, 173 accessions were examined for nuclear rDNA ITS sequence variation, representing nearly all major lineages of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae and seven species of Cryptotaenia. Sampling of tribes Oenantheae, Scandiceae and Pimpinelleae was comprehensive. Phylogenetic analyses included Bayesian, maximum parsimony and neighbour‐joining methods; biogeographical scenarios were inferred using dispersal–vicariance analysis (diva ). Results Cryptotaenia is polyphyletic and includes three distant lineages. (1) Cryptotaenia sensu stricto (C. canadensis, C. japonica, C. flahaultii and C. thomasii) is maintained within tribe Oenantheae; C. canadensis and C. japonica, representing an eastern North American–eastern Asian disjunction pattern, are confirmed to be sister species. (2) Cryptotaenia elegans, endemic to the Canary Islands, is placed within Scandiceae subtribe Daucinae along with two woody endemics of Madeira, Monizia edulis and Melanoselinum decipiens. The phylogeny of these Canarian and Madeiran endemics is unresolved. Either they constitute a monophyletic sister group to a clade comprising some Mediterranean and African species of Daucus and their relatives, or they are paraphyletic to this clade. The herbaceous/woody genus Tornabenea from Cape Verde, once included in Melanoselinum, is not closely related to the other Macaronesian endemics but to Daucus carota. (3) The African members of Cryptotaenia (C. africana, C. calycina and possibly C. polygama) comprise a clade with some African and Madagascan umbellifers; this entire clade is sister group to Eurasian Pimpinella. Main conclusions Elucidating the phylogeny of the biogeographically anomalous Cryptotaenia sensu lato enabled hypotheses on the biogeography of its constituent lineages. Cryptotaenia sensu stricto exhibits a holarctic distribution pattern, with its members occurring in regions that were important glacial refugia. The genus probably originated in eastern Asia and from there dispersed to Europe and North America. For the Macaronesian endemic species –C. elegans, M. edulis and M. decipiens–diva reconstructs either a single dispersal event to Macaronesia from the Mediterranean/African region, or a single dispersal followed by a back‐dispersal to the mainland. The radiation of Tornabenea from Cape Verde followed a second dispersal of Daucinae to Macaronesia. Woodiness in Melanoselinum/Monizia and Tornabenea, therefore, is a derived and independently acquired trait. The African members of Cryptotaenia are derived from an ancestor arriving from the Middle East.