Interspecific competitive ability of homokaryotic and heterokaryotic wood decay basidiomycetes

The role of the homokaryotic life stage in the dynamics of fungal communities is relatively unknown. However, homokaryons are thought to be only a temporary stage and are therefore not generally used in ecological experiments with fungi. In this study, the relative competitive ability and growth rates of homokaryons and heterokaryons of wood decay fungi were tested to assess the potential role of homokaryons in community dynamics. A homokaryon and a heterokaryon of each of four species (Aleurodiscus lividocoeruleus, Peniophora sp. 1, Peniophora sp. 2 and Pereniporia medulla‐panis) were assessed for their competitive abilities on an agar medium. The relationship between nuclear status and competitive ability varied between species. The homokaryon of Peniophora sp. 2 was competitively superior to its heterokaryon, whereas the homokaryon of Peniophora sp. 1 was inferior to its heterokaryon. A hierarchy of competitive abilities of each isolate revealed that Pereniporia medulla‐panis homokaryon = P. medulla‐panis heterokaryon > Peniophora sp. 1 heterokaryon > Peniophora sp. 2 homokaryon > Peniophora sp. 2 heterokaryon > A. lividocoeruleus heterokaryon = A. lividocoeruleus homokaryon. This experiment indicates that homokaryons as well as heterokaryons have the potential to influence community structure through competitive effects.     

中国产丝齿菌属的研究小记

对中国产丝齿菌属Hyphodontia的种类进行了研究,并记录了30个种。其中弯孢产丝齿菌Hyphodontia curvispora是中国的新记录种,热带产丝齿菌Hyphodontia tropica是首次在中国大陆的报道。根据作者的采集标本对这两个种进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图,同时还给出了中国产丝齿菌属30个种的检索表。     

中国蜡革菌属的研究

介绍了蜡革菌属Ceraceomyces及该属在中国的种类,其中北方蜡革菌Ceraceomyces borealis是中国新记录种,根据中国的材料对其进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图,同时给出了中国蜡革菌属5个种的检索表。     

Identification of the basidiomycetous fungus isolated from butt rot of the Japanese cypress

 To identify a basidiomycetous fungus isolated from butt rot of Chamaecyparis obtusa, Japanese cypress, its cultural features were examined, and sequences of its nuclear ribosomal 18S and ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 regions were analyzed. In culture, this fungus is characterized by the occurrence of chlamydospores, blastoconidium-like cells, and clavate-to-spathulate hyphal ends at the tips of aerial hyphae, and production of a small basidioma on the mycelial mat after 3 months of incubation. The morphological features of the basidioma are identical to those of Phlebia brevispora. Furthermore, molecular data of the sequences of these strains and P. brevispora showed a high level of similarity. These results appear to justify determining the present fungus as P. brevispora. This is the first report of this species for Japan and outside of southeastern USA. Received: March 11, 2002 / Accepted: September 20, 2002 Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Karen K. Nakasone, Center for Forest Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, for providing the fungal strains used in this study. Correspondence to:R. Kondo     

中国产丝齿菌属的研究小记

对中国产丝齿菌属Hyphodontia的种类进行了研究,并记录了30个种。其中弯孢产丝齿菌Hyphodontia curvispora是中国的新记录种,热带产丝齿菌Hyphodontia tropica是首次在中国大陆的报道。根据作者的采集标本对这两个种进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图,同时还给出了中国产丝齿菌属30个种的检索表。     

Diversity of wood-inhabiting Agaricomycotina on wood of different size classes in riparian forests of Uruguay

Many Agaricomycotina species are saprobes, playing a fundamental role in nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems by decomposing wood. Little is known about factors affecting diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in the neotropical, warm temperate native forests of Uruguay. Most of these native forests are riparian harboring about 300 tree species. In this study, we assessed the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi on wood of different size classes in riparian forests of Uruguay. We recovered 186 species of Agaricomycotina, including 113 corticioid and 58 polyporoid taxa. Eleven taxa accounted for 38% of the all the samples. The highest number of species was found on fine woody debris (FWD, 2–10 cm diam) than coarse woody debris (CWD, >10 cm diam) and very fine woody debris (VFWD, <2 cm diam). Species-accumulation curves did not reach an asymptote for any of the groups or wood diameter classes studied. Polyporoids were more frequently recorded on CWD (61% of collections) and corticioids on VFWD (77%). Species richness estimated by non-parametric estimators indicates an Agaricomycotina species richness between 450 and 700 taxa. Our results show that Uruguayan riparian forests, despite its limited area and fragmentation, support a wood-inhabiting Agaricomycotina diversity comparable to less fragmented forests with more plant diversity.     

NOTES ON THE CORTICIACEAE OF NORTHERN CHINA

<正> 98 species of Corticiaceae s.l.are reported from Changbai shah forestreserve in Northern China.Phlebia pellucida Hjortst.& Ryv.is described as new.The newcombinations Amylosporomyces subasperisporus,Boidinia propingua,and B.peroxydata are pro-posed.The genus Boidinia is discussed and a key is given to accepted species.Many rarespecies are reported such as Amylocorticium laceratum,Ceraceomyces sulphurinus,Hyphodontiaaltaica,Laeticorticium ussuricum,Lobulicium occultum,Sistotrema athcloiides and Tubulicrinissceptiferus.The flora is boral and most of the species have a wide distribution in the Nor-thern coniferous zone.In a previous paper species of Polyporaceae were reported from Northern China(Ryvarden et al.,1986).Most of the species were collected during a short expedition tothe Changbai Shun forest reserve in the Jilin Province.This paper reports the species ofCorticiaceae (s.lato) from the same expedition.There are duplicates of all species bothin Oslo University Herbarium and the Herbarium of Mycologicum,Academia Sinica(HMAS)the Institute of Microbiology in Beijing.The knowledge of the Corticiaceae of China is veryfragmentary and many of the names indicated in previous reports are now replacedby othernames,and the identification of the collections in many cases are dubious.Thus,we havenot tried to establish how many of these species which previously have not been reportedfrom China.Such a list would be of little interest since very few has collected Corticiacritically in recent times,and the flora is still more or less unknown with regard to thisgroup of fungi.The following list must therefore be regarded as a first contribution tolist the Corticiaceae of China based on the same species concepts and names as currentlyused in Europe and North America,see Eriksson et al.(1976—84)Jiilich and Stalpers(1984),Gilbertson (1974).List of collections all from 11—17 Sept.1983.Nos.21315—21407/21696—21814.Jilin Prov.,Changbai Shah,Forest Reserve,Hangcong gou,750 m.a.s.l.Nos,21408—21603.JilinProv.,Changbai Shah,Forest Reserve,Huang Song Pu,1200 m.a.s.l.Nos.21619—21695.Jilin Prov.,Changbai Shun,Forest Reserve,Bai Shun Station,1100m.a.s.l.