Polymorphic microsatellites in largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti) developed from repeat‐enriched libraries and cross‐species amplifications

Largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti) is a medium‐sized fish endemic from the upper Yangtze River of China and its survival is threatened by the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. This study reports 20 new polymorphic microsatellites from a repeat‐enriched genomic library with a mean number allele of 5.2, and observed and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.035 to 1, and from 0.13 to 0.917, respectively. In a cross‐species amplification test, nine of the 37 tested loci were found to be also polymorphic in a congeneric species, brass gudgeon (C. heterodon). In addition, other four loci from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were also polymorphic in C. guichenoti. Out of these 24 polymorphic microsatellites, only three loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in the sampled population (P < 0.0025), and all pairwise tests for linkage disequilibrium among loci were nonsignificant after applying sequential Bonferroni correction (P > 0.0026). These novel microsatellites provide sufficient levels of polymorphism for studies on population genetics and conservation in C. guichenoti and its related species.     

长江上游四种特有鱼类肌肉营养组成与评价

圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)、长薄鳅(Leptobotia elonga-ta)、长鳍吻(Rhinogobio ventralis)、圆筒吻(Rhinogobiocylindricus)主要分布于长江上游的干支流水系,是长江上游的特有种类,具有较高的经济价值[1]。近年来,由于水域污染、过度捕捞以及生境破碎化等因素,其资源量和渔获量不断下降,渔获规格越来越小,甚至物种生存亦受到威胁,但其市场需求却在不断增加,因此,许多学者在4种鱼类资源保护、人工繁殖和生物学等方面进行了大量的研究[2]。但是,迄今为止有关其鱼体的营养成分尚无系统的研究报道。本文对上述四种鱼类肌肉的基本营养成分…     

银沙槐内生放线菌抗菌活性及其与内生细菌的拮抗关系

从荒漠濒危植物银沙槐根部分离到内生放线菌12株和内生细菌31株.以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为指示菌对内生放线菌进行了抗菌活性筛选.结果表明：3株放线菌对3种指示菌均有抑制作用,2株完全无抑菌作用.采用菌块抑制法分析内生放线菌对来自同一植物内生细菌的抑制效果,44.9%的组合出现抑制现象,最大抑菌圈直径为28.5mm,最小者仅8.25 mm,主要抑制对象是革兰氏阴性菌和芽孢菌;55.1%的组合无抑制现象.说明内生菌的相互作用具有多样性.     

Physiological responses to swimming fatigue in juvenile largemouth bronze gudgeon Coreius guichenoti

Stepped velocity tests were conducted on juvenile largemouth bronze gudgeon Coreius guichenoti in a swim tunnel respirometer, and oxygen consumption increased with swimming speed to fatigue and then decreased during recovery. Serum levels of total protein, glucose and triglycerides initially decreased, increased at fatigue and then decreased during recovery. Levels stabilized after 120 min, corresponding to the time necessary to recover from fatigue.     

金沙江中游圆口铜鱼早期资源现状

2010年6月至7月在金沙江中游攀枝花格里坪金沙滩(26°35°28.96″N,101°31°52.01″E)设置同定采样断面,开展了金沙江中游圆口铜鱼早期资源现状的调查.结果表明,金沙江中游有金安桥、朵美、皮拉海、灰拉古、观音岩5个圆口铜鱼产卵场,产卵总量为3078.2万粒.圆口铜鱼的产卵行为和产卵量受江水的温度、流量、涨落水持续时间等多个因素的影响.调查期间圆口铜鱼的产卵初始时间为6月7日,盛期在6月下旬至7月上旬.近几年来,圆口铜鱼的产卵规模呈现出逐年下降的趋势,产卵场的位置也有所改变.通过了解金沙江中游江段圆口铜鱼早期资源分布状况,为金沙江中游圆口铜鱼资源保护提供了基础资料.     

长江中、上游铜鱼的生长特性

铜鱼是长江中上游的重要经济鱼类和天然捕捞对象,1990—1995年作者利用在长江中上游收集的1030尾标本,对铜鱼的生长特性进行了研究。其体重和体长的关系为W=0.005413L~(3.113)(r=0.9982),生长方程为L_t=60.0229[1-e~(-0.2325(t 0.6108))];W_t=3261.9137[1-e~(-0.2325(t 0.6108))]~(3.113),体重生长拐点t=4.2龄,相应的体长41.05cm、体重973.03g。按生长指标值分析,阶段生长可明显地划分为两个时期,即4龄前的生长迅速期和4龄后的生长减缓期。因此,天然渔业的捕捞规格应控制在约1000g以上的个体,目前在葛洲坝以下的中游江段主要捕捞幼鱼的现状应该改变。     

长江上游江津和宜宾江段圆口铜鱼资源量估算

为了解长江上游特有鱼类圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）的种群数量及分布,2007~2009年对江津和宜宾江段的渔业捕捞情况和渔获物组成进行了调查,根据单位捕捞努力量渔获量对该江段的年渔获量进行了统计分析,采用FISATⅡ渔业评估软件中体长股分析模块对圆口铜鱼的资源量进行了估算。2007、2008和2009年,江津江段鱼类年总渔获量分别为267 850、689 975和586 575尾,宜宾江段鱼类年总渔获量分别为485 100、108 075和169 950尾;其中,江津江段圆口铜鱼的年渔获量分别为56 932、98 323和100 620尾,宜宾江段圆口铜鱼的年渔获量分别为66 099、16 952和32 812尾。渔获个体主要分布在80~220mm体长组。估算出2007~2009年江津江段圆口铜鱼年资源量分别为319 416、905 715和1124 470尾,年均值为783 200尾;以质量计,年资源量分别为25.33、129.72和244.48 t,年均值为133.18 t。宜宾江段圆口铜鱼年资源量分别为469 395、191 207和200 197尾,年均值为286 933尾;以质量计,年资源量分别为60.18、43.11和15.14 t,年均值为39.48 t。以上结果表明,长江上游江津江段圆口铜鱼年均资源量大于宜宾江段;2007~2009年宜宾江段圆口铜鱼资源量呈下降趋势,而江津江段圆口铜鱼资源量呈上升趋势。     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in a Yangtze River fish,brass gudgeon (Coreius heterodon Bleeker)

The brass gudgeon (Coreius heterodon) is a fish of economic importance in the Yangtze River. From a (GATA)_n‐enriched genomic library, 25 microsatellites were developed by employing the fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol. Nine loci exhibited polymorphism with two to 12 alleles (mean 3.9 alleles/locus) in a test population, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.1111 to 0.9630 (mean 0.4426). Three of the nine loci showed polymorphism in a congeneric species, the largemouth bronze gudgeon Coreius guichenoti. These loci should provide sufficient level of genetic diversity to evaluate the fine‐scale population structure of C. heterodon.