缘蝽科族级单元系统发育关系支序分析(半翅目:异翅亚目:缘蝽总科)

在已有比较形态学研究基础上,本文选择了15个特征方面（外生殖器为主）的74个新征,以支序分析方法探讨了缘蝽科族（或亚科）的系统发育关系。结果表明棒缘蝽亚科、希缘蝽族、沟缘蝽族较为原始,与其余类群差异较大,缘蝽科的范围值得进一步研究;除Chariesterini外的缘蝽亚科是高等的缘蝽类群;Chariesterini似应从缘蝽亚科中独立出来;狭义巨缘蝽族以及萧的鼻缘蝽族、梭缘蝽族、昧缘蝽族、曼缘蝽族成立;拟黛缘蝽属、副黛缘蝽属、华黛缘蝽属、异黛缘蝽属应从”黛缘蝽族”中分别独立出来成立新族,即拟黛缘蝽族、副黛缘蝽族、华黛缘蝽族和异黛缘蝽族,以使原有的黛缘蝽族成为自然类群。     

Female egg dumping and the effect of sex ratio on male egg carrying in a coreid bug

Phyllomorpha laciniata Vill (Heteroptera, Coreidae) is uniqueamong terrestrial insects in that females glue eggs on the backsof other conspecifics. Egg carrying byP. laciniatamales haspreviously been considered as paternal care. We explored femaleoviposition with respect to previous mating experience of femalesand tested whether sex ratio affects male egg-carrying. Thehypothesis that male egg-carrying is a form of paternal carepredicts that a male should always accept eggs after matingwith a female. However, if male egg-carrying is a form of postcopulatorymate guarding rather than paternal care, egg carrying shouldincrease in the presence of other males. When two couples wereplaced together, females laid eggs on the backs of all individualsenclosed, including the backs of other females. However, whena female was accompanied by 2 males, 22 out of 26 females ovipositedon their mating partner. Thus, sexual competition rather thanpaternity alone, affects a male's eagerness to carry eggs. However,even if males sometimes carry their own eggs, females lay eggson the backs of all conspecifics they can easily acquire. Thus,egg carrying in P. laciniata is partially voluntary and partiallythe result of female egg dumping     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究　Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）李新正（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛２６６０７１）１５棒缘蝽亚科（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｈｌｏｅｉｎａｅ）（图６８—８３）棒缘蝽类包括２８个属,除ＶｉｌｇａＳｔａｌ为新世界分布,ＣｅｒａｌｅｐｔｕｓＣｏｓｔａ和颗缘...     

Life table for Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and prediction of damage in lodgepole pine seed orchards

Abstract 1 Fecundity, egg hatch and nymphal survivorship of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann were determined and used to develop a damage prediction formula for seed bugs in lodgepole pine seed orchards. 2 A single overwintered L. occidentalis female may lay up to 80 eggs during early and mid‐season cone development. 3 Up to 83.4% of eggs that were attached to branches with tape hatched successfully, compared with 53.5% of eggs attached to needles with wire. Egg parasitism was only observed in egg masses attached with wire. 4 Egg masses attached with wire suffered approximately 30% mortality from parasitism, primarily by Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead). 5 Approximately 15.1 and 2.5% of first instars survived to adulthood in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Survival of caged nymphs that were protected from predators was 14.5 and 17.8%, respectively. 6 A composite survival table indicated that 9.3% of eggs laid by L. occidentalis are expected to survive to adulthood. 7 Based on previously determined damage estimates for each life stage of feeding during three periods of cone development, a hypothetical density of one seed bug per tree early in the season will result in an expected seed loss of approximately 310 seeds.     

‘Osmotic pump‘ feeding by coreids

Species of Coreidae (Heteroptera) cause ‘water soaked’ lesions in their food plants. Such insects typically feed from parenchyma in and surrounding vascular tissues and also cause acropetal wilting and necrosis of small diameter shoots. Feeding byMictis profana (Fabr.) in South Australia on the shoots ofAcacia iteaphylla F. Muell. ex Benth. was found to cause a local, concurrent increase in both water content and free amino acid concentration, consistent with phloem unloading. Coreids, unlike other groups of phytophagous Heteroptera, secrete a salivary sucrase (α-D-glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.48) as probably the sole salivary carbohydrase, and tissues attacked byM. profana showed more sucrose hydrolysing activity than unattacked. The salivary enzyme is postulated to cause unloading of solutes into the apoplast due to the osmotic effects of conversion of endogenous sucrose to glucose and fructose, allowing the insect to suck the leaked contents of many cells from a single locus. The term ‘osmotic pump feeding’ is proposed for such a process. In demonstrations of its feasibility, infiltration of shoots with mixtures of glucose and fructose stoichiometrically equivalent to isosmotic sucrose increased the amounts of tissue sap and amino acid that could be sucked from the tissues; similarly, invertase and 1 M sugars forced into the extracellular space of stem sections increased the amino acids offloaded into the bathing solutions.     

武陵山区缘蝽科新种记述(半翅目:异翅亚目)

本文报道武陵山区缘蝽科6新种:细足赧缘蝽Ochrochira stenopoda sp.nov,武陵黑缘蝽H-ygia(Colpura)wulingana sp.nov,雅翅同缘蝽 Homoecerus(Anacanthoris)viridulus sp.nov,钩曼缘蝽Manocoreus grypidus sp.nov,四川锤缘蝽 Marcius sichuananus sp.nov.,黑刺锤缘蝽 Marcius ni-grospinosussp.nov.。     

A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE MICTINI (S. STR.) BASED ON ASIATIC TAXA (HETEROPTERA: COREIDAE)

Abstract  A cladistic analysis of the Asiatic genera of Mictini (s. str.) is made in the present paper. The results indicate that this group is monophyletic and their genitalia structrues are very similar, in spite of their variegated external forms. Derepterini Hsiao is proved to be a paraphyletic group and its synonymy with Mictini (s. str.) is supported by the cladograms. The cladograms show that there are some major differences between the mainly African Anoplocnemis and the other Asiatic genera.     

Photoperiodic induction of diapause in the squash bug, Anasa tristis

Squash bugs, Anasa tristis DeGeer (Heteroptera: Coreidae), overwinter as adults in reproductive diapause. To study factors influencing the induction of diapause, nymphs and adults were reared on pumpkin, Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (Cucurbitaceae), in the laboratory and field. Respiratory rates in diapausing adults were less than half the rate of non-diapausing adults. Short daylengths induced diapause in immature and mature adults, and as overwintered adults that had completed diapause. Oviposition by new and overwintered adult females ceased about 30 days after the onset of diapause-inducing conditions. No evidence of a period of insensitivity to photoperiod after the completion of diapause was found. The critical photoperiod for induction of diapause depended on temperature and on the stage of development at which experimental photoperiods were introduced. Incidence of diapause in adult females increased as bugs were transferred to experimental photoperiods as new adults, 5th-, and 4th-instars. Diapause induction in the field in central Illinois (latitude 40°N) occurs during the first week in August, resulting in only a small partial second-generation.

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Résumé A. tristis est un ravageur important des cucurbitacées en Amérique du Nord, particulièrement de Cucurbita sp. Cette punaise hiverne avec une diapause reproductive des adultes. Dans le centre de l'Illinois (latitude 40°N), il y a chaque été une génération complète et une génération partielle. L'étude a porté sur les facteurs endogènes et écologiques influençant l'induction de la diapause. Des larves et des adultes ont été élevés sur pousses de Cucurbita moschata en conditions naturelles et de laboratoire. Au laboratoire, la photopériode critique dépendait du stade de développement des punaises lors de l'introduction des photopériodes expérimentales. A 27°C, la photopériode critique des punaises transférées de jours longs en conditions expérimentales a été: environ 14,8 L/9,2 D lorsque le transfert a eu lieu au 5ème stade; et environ 14,3 L/9,7 D pour un transfert comme jeunes adultes. La température influe aussi sur la photopériode critique. A 21°C, pour le 5ème stade la photopériode critique a été environ 15,5 L/8,5 D.Les larves, les adultes immatures et mûrs, ainsi que les adultes après hibernation ont été sensibles à la photopériode. Les femelles mûres cessent de pondre dans les 30 jours suivant l'introduction des conditions induisant la diapause. Rien ne laisse supposer la présence d'une période d'insensibilité à la photopériode après la fin de la diapause.

     

A promising biological control agent for the invasive alien plant,Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae), in South Africa

Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) is an invasive alien plant from Central and South America that has become a problematic environmental weed in South Africa. A potential biological control agent, the stem-wilter, Catorhintha schaffneri Brailovsky & Garcia (Coreidae), was collected in southern Brazil and imported into quarantine in South Africa. Field host range data suggested that C. schaffneri has a host range restricted to P. aculeata. No-choice nymph survival tests were then conducted on 27 test plant species in 9 families. Survival to the adult stage was only recorded on P. aculeata and the closely related Pereskia grandifolia Haw. (Cactaceae). Mortality was significantly higher on P. grandifolia with only 3% of the nymphs reaching the adult stage compared with 74% on P. aculeata indicating that P. aculeata is the primary host plant. P. grandifolia is native in South America and is of no agricultural importance in South Africa so any feeding on P. grandifolia in South Africa would have no negative environmental or economic consequences. In other tests, adult survival on P. aculeata [25.8 days (SE ± 3.74)] was significantly longer than on other test plant species [4.3 days (SE ± 0.36)] further confirming the host specificity of the species. Impact studies conducted in quarantine indicated that C. schaffneri is damaging to P. aculeata, significantly reducing the number of leaves and the shoot lengths of plants, even at relatively low insect densities. C. schaffneri is safe for release in South Africa and is likely to be a damaging and effective agent.     

中国缘蝽科部分种类细胞色素b基因序列及系统进化研究

以线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因作为分子标记,首次对缘蝽科4亚科14种昆虫进行序列测定,获得Cyt b基因412 bp的序列片段,该片段中碱基T、C、A、G的平均含量分别为34.2%、11.4%、35.7 %和18.7 %,A T平均含量为69.9 %,明显高于G C含量(30.1 %).密码子第3位点的A T含量高达82.8%,亚科间序列变异大,有193个核苷酸位点发生变异,碱基替换多发生于第3位点.以筛豆龟蝽为外群构建系统发育树,表明在亚科级关系上,姬缘蝽亚科最原始,蛛缘蝽亚科次之,巨缘蝽亚科和缘蝽亚科亲缘关系较近,为较进化种类.