黄连体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生

黄连(Coptis chinensis F.)是我国著名常用中药,具有清热燥湿,凉血解毒的功用。长期以来由于过量的采挖,造成野生资源亏缺。在人工栽培中,由于黄连种子小,休眠期长,出苗不整齐,生长缓慢,要6—7年才能收获,因而限制了黄连的生产。对黄连的研究,过去主要集中于黄连的有效成份分析及药物学方面。近年来日本T. Furuya等开展了应用黄连细胞大量培     

Bowman-birk proteinase inhibitor confers heavy metal and multiple drug tolerance in yeast

Cultured Coptis japonica cells show tolerance to various toxic compounds. By yeast functional screening of cadmium (Cd) plates with its cDNA library, we isolated a gene encoding Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor (CjBBI). The yeast transformant of CjBBI showed multiple tolerance to various drugs adding to Cd, and revealed reduced Cd accumulation in cells. Preferential organs for Cjbbi expression were aerial parts of intact plants, and the subcellular localization of CjBBI was shown, using its green fluorescent protein fusion, to be the apoplast. Induction of Cjbbi expression by Cd treatment suggested that CjBBI was responsible for the tolerance to Cd observed in C. japonica cells.     

黄连属(毛茛科)花的形态发生

本文运用扫锚电子显微镜（SEM）观察了黄连属（Coptis）植物花的形态发生和发育过程,结果表明,该属植物所有的花部器官均为螺旋状发生,雄蕊为向心式发育,花瓣原基有微弱的延迟发育,心皮原基为对折型（即马蹄形）,子房为半封闭类型,子房柄是在发育过程中形成的。通过与其它具T．型染色体类群在花形态发生上的比较,认为黄连属表现出了某些原始的性状,这一结果与分子系统学研究认为黄连属为毛莨科的基部类群的结论一致。     

不同生态区云南黄连居群的染色体核型比较

采用根尖压片和卡宝品红染色法,对分布于高黎贡山的东、西坡不同生态带的8个云南黄连居群进行染色体核型比较分析。结果表明,8个居群染色体数目均为2n=2x=18,核型基本一致,除东坡一个居群为3A型外,其余均为2A型;总体上同一生态区域内各居群的核型表现出较大的相似性,但不同生态区域的居群间却存在较大的差异,主要为近端部和端部着丝点染色体的有无及数目在东西坡居群间存在较大变化;东坡居群的不对称程度均较西坡高。     

濒危药用植物云南黄连传粉生态学研究

云南黄连为中药材黄连的原植物之一,为国家二级濒危保护植物。通过对云南黄连的开花物候、花部特征、繁育系统及传粉方式进行观察研究,以探讨云南黄连濒危机制,为其种质资源保护及人工抚育奠定基础。结果表明:(1)云南黄连的花期从12月份起至第二年的3月份,花期长达4个月,花序开花可持续45～60d,同一花序上不同花的开花时间相隔1～3d,单花花期可持续40～45d。(2)云南黄连为多歧聚伞花序,苞片包被花芽,花两性,雄蕊和心皮多数。(3)云南黄连的花粉-胚珠比(P/O)为9 000左右,杂交指数(OCI)值为4或5,为自交亲和但需要传粉者完成传粉的兼性异交型繁育系统,并存在无融合生殖现象。     

刺参“腐皮综合症”致病菌LNUB415的分离及防治的初步研究

从大连海域患“腐皮综合症”的养殖刺参肠道中分离纯化到1株优势细菌LNUB415,经人工回接感染试验确定其对刺参具有较强的致病性.经形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析,该菌被初步鉴定为蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus).从多种具有免疫增强作用的中草药中筛选到抑菌效果最好的黄连,可使刺参死亡率降低30％.     

宣黄连的生态学特征和栽培研究

宣黄连特指主产安徽的短萼黄连,宣黄连系安徽历史名药,由于长期的采集,资源已经极度枯竭。本文报道了宣黄连的生态学特征和栽培研究,研究表明,野生宣黄连种群主要分布在安徽皖南山区,有林下类型和溪边类型两种,其中以林下类型为主。对宣黄连的栽培结果表明,宣黄连最适宜在皖南山区生长,应建立种质苗圃以保护和繁育宣黄连。     

高黎贡山云南黄连形态和种群个体分布格局研究

本文通过实地观测和种植观测研究,补充描述了高黎贡山云南黄连营养器官和生殖器官的形态,并进行部分形态统计。研究表明,种群个体分布格局为随机分布,种群模型属稳定增长型。云南黄连在中度人为干扰下,具有一定的恢复能力,种群能保持稳定并增长。     

Antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds from the endophytic fungus Cryptosporiopsis ericae Cc-HG-7 isolated from Coptis chinensis Franch

In this study, 136 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the Chinese traditional medicinal plant Coptis chinensis Franch. Of these, 129 strains were classified into 12 different genera according to morphological traits and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analyses. Their antifungal activities were assessed against the following fungi: Magnaporthe oryzae, Pythium graminicola, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Fusarium oxysporum, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Setosphaeria turcica and Botrytis cinerea. Fourteen endophytic strains were active against at least one of the selected fungi. The most active strain Cc-HG-7 identified as Cryptosporiopsis ericae displayed inhibition rates of 81.42% and 72.00%, respectively, against S. sclerotiorum and S. turcica in dual culture technique. The volatile antifungal compounds were identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction, followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry to investigate the potential biocontrol mechanisms of strain Cc-HG-7. The results suggested that the strain Cc-HG-7 could be a potential agent for the biological control of S. sclerotiorum and S. turcica.     

Isolation of Herbicide-Resistant 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase from Cultured Coptis japonica Cells

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) catalyzes the formation of homogentisate from 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and O₂. In plants, HPPD has been identified as a molecular target for herbicides. We report the isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a HPPD from cultured Coptis japonica cells. Recombinant CjHPPD showed significantly higher half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values for the HPPD-inhibiting herbicide destosyl pyrazolate than other plant HPPDs.