Transfilter analysis of the inductive influence of proventricular mesenchyme on stomach epithelial differentiation of chick embryos

Summary To clarify the precise conditions under which chick embryonic proventricular mesenchyme can induce proventricular epithelial differentiation, transfilter experiments were carried out. Six-day proventricular epithelium formed glands and expressed pepsinogen when a Nucleopore filter with a pore size of more than 0.6 m, but not 0.2 m, was inserted between the epithelium and the proventricular mesenchyme. The larger the pore size of the filter, the more elongated the glands and the more pepsinogen was induced in the explants. The quail nuclear marker and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine penetration of mesenchymal cells through the Nuclepore filter. The filter of more than 0.2 m pore size allowed cell processes of mesenchymal cells to pass through. However, only the filter with a pore size of more than 0.6 m allowed actual migration of mesenchymal cells through the filter, and the larger the pore size of the filter, the more mesenchymal cells passed through. Under the same conditions 6-day and 4.5-day gizzard epithelium formed glands and expressed pepsinogen. These results indicate that a flow of diffusible substances through a Nuclepore filter and even direct contact of a few short cell processes of mesenchymal cells with epithelial cells are not sufficient for induction, and that direct contact of mesenchymal cell processes and/or mesenchymal cells with epithelial cells over a considerably wide area may be prerequisite for the induction.     

An argyrophil fibrillar system and amitotic nuclear division in pars intermedia cells of the rainbow trout (Salmo irideus)

Summary Argyrophil fibrils were revealed in pars intermedia chromophobe cells of Salmo irideus. For the light microscopical demonstration of the fibrils a recently developed copper sulphate-silver protein technique for Bouin-fixed hypophyses was used.The fibrils, apparently belonging to one fibrillar system, are found only in limited regions of the cytoplasm. They occur in ring-, loop-, or cracknel shapes in the close vicinity of the rounded nucleus in the chromophobe cell, and continue in linear shape into the cell base or cell apex where they may end near the adjacent basement membrane.Electron microscopically, the fibrils are composed of filaments, 70–90 Å in diameter, which are arranged in parallel. Bundles of filaments are frequently found near the nucleus. In addition to perinuclear filaments, bundles of filaments with tiny offshoots occur in different areas of the cytoplasm, extending sometimes as far as the cell membrane which is located near the basement membrane of the pars intermedia epithelium.In cells with a bi- or trilobular, apparently amitotically dividing, nucleus a fibrillar loop or ring usually surrounds the interlobular part(s) of the nucleus. This relation of the fibrils to the dividing nucleus and their consisting of regularly arranged filaments indicates the significance of the fibrillar system in the chromophobe cell. It is thus suggested that the fibrillar system is involved in the constriction of the nucleus during amitosis.The number of chromophobe cells in which fibrils are light microscopically visible varied greatly among the rainbow trout used.Miss M. C. Wentzel is thanked for her technical assistance, Mr. M. Veenhuis for his advice and excellent help with the preparation of the electron micrographs, and Mr. L. Hoekstra for preparing the final drawings. Mr. N. J. Williams' corrections to the English are gratefully acknowledged.     

中国连香树科的系统研究——Ⅰ.叶的宏观结构及叶柄维管束变化

本文研究了连香树科(Cercidiphyllaceae)叶的宏观结构,首次报道连香树齿腺体显微结构及晶体类型,并对叶柄维管束的变化作了进一步研究。通过与近缘科的比较,我们认为连香树科的系统演化处于孤立地位,和金缕梅科有较近的亲缘关系,与木兰科较为疏远。     

医蛭唾液腺分泌物:成分、功能及应用前景

本文对医蛭唾液腺分泌物中主要活性物质的认识发现过程、结构与功能以及医学应用的实例和前景作了扼要的综述。     

Ultrastructural studies on the secretory cavities ofCitrus deliciosa ten. I. Early stages of the gland cells differentiation

Summary Secretory cavities ofCitrus deliciosa seem to originate from a pair of meristematic cells (an epidermal cell and a second one placed under it). These cells undergo successive divisions resulting in the formation of a globular/oval gland situated in the parenchyma, and a conical stalk, which joins the gland with the epidermis. The young gland consists of a central group of polyhedral cells ensheathed by layers of radially flattened cells.During the early differentiation stages of the gland cells a close association of cytoplasmic microtubules with various organelles is observed. Plastids increase progressively in number and size and their matrix locally contains tubular networks accompanied by small oil droplets. In peripheral cytoplasm numerous myelin-like lomasomes have been observed. Peripheral cells of the gland are gradually modified from the inner cells following a different developmental pattern. Their walls become thicker and plastids do not contain tubular complexes, but only a few thylakoids partly surrounding the newly formed starch grains.     

Effects of grouping and fighting on the reproductive tracts of male white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus)

Summary Adult, male white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were subjected to a variety of social situations ranging from isolation during the 20 day experimental period to constant contact with both females and other adult males. Contacts included grouping (three or four males per cage) and exposure to fighters (once daily for 20 minutes). The following measurements were recorded: weights of the body, testes, epididymides, vesicular glands, vesicular gland tissue (wet and dry), seminal fluid of the vesicular gland, adrenal glands, and baculum; spermatozoan reserves of the testes and epididymides. Grouping significantly affected both the weight and spermatozoan reserves of the testes and epididymides, as well as both the tissue and seminal fluid weight of the vesicular glands. The results suggested a graded effect of all treatments on the reproductive tract. In order of magnitude of the associated response, from none to greatest, the treatments may be ranked as follows: pairing with females, isolating, handling, fighting, and grouping. All reproductive parameters measured showed this general ranking, suggesting that the response to the various treatments was similar and differed only quantitatively. The results further suggested decreased secretion of LH and testosterone, although measurements of testosterone did not substantiate this conclusion. The lack of significant effects of grouping on adrenal gland weights strengthened the argument that adrenal involvement is not a necessary adjunct to the suppression of the reproductive tract in groupedPeromyscus, but the adrenal may be involved if contacts between males result in overt fighting.     

腔镜下腺体切除术对早期乳腺癌患者血清免疫球蛋白及TNF-α、IL-10水平变化的影响

摘要 目的：分析腔镜下腺体切除术对早期乳腺癌患者血清免疫球蛋白及TNF-α、IL-10水平的影响,从而对其优势评估。方法：选择2017年2月-2020年2月于本院实施乳腺癌手术患者100例,根据其选择手术方式的不同分为2组：A组（腔镜下腺体切除术,59例）和B组（开放乳房皮下腺体切除术,41例）,分别统计患者手术时间、术后拔管时间以及住院时间;术后1个月,取患者外周血,离心取血清,采用免疫比浊法检测患者血清免疫功能相关指标IgM和IgG含量、采用人酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）试剂盒检测患者血清中炎症反应指标TNF-α和IL-10含量、统计术后两组患者出现术野皮下出血、皮下积液、乳头乳晕坏死等并发症的例数;术后一年,统计两组患者出现复发和淋巴结转移等现象的例数。结果：A组患者手术时间显著长于B组,而其拔管时间和住院时间均显著短于B组（P＜0.05）。A组并发症发生率（5.00 %）显著高于B组（25.71%）（P<0.05）。术前1 d,两组患者血清免疫指标IgM和IgG水平和炎症反应指标TNF-α和IL-10水平相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而术后3 d~术后1 m,A组患者血清免疫指标IgM和IgG水平以及抗炎因子IL-10水平均显著高于B组,促炎因子TNF-α水平显著低于B组（P＜0.05）。A组患者术后1年内乳腺癌复发率（3.3%）与B组（10.0%）相比差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：腔镜下腺体切除术治疗早期乳腺癌具有拔管时间以及术后住院时间短、并发症发生率低等优势,其原因可能与该手术对患者血清免疫球蛋白IgM和IgG及炎症因子TNF-α、IL-10水平影响程度较小、术后恢复较快有关。     

Melatonin in the multi‐oscillatory mammalian circadian world

In mammals, the complex interaction of neural, hormonal, and behavioral outputs from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian expression of events, either directly or through coordination of the timing of peripheral oscillators. Melatonin, one of the endocrine output signals of the clock, provides the organism with circadian information and can be considered as an endogenous synchronizer, able to stabilize and reinforce circadian rhythms and to maintain their mutual phase‐relationship at the different levels of the circadian network. Moreover, exogenous melatonin, through an action on the circadian clock, affects all levels of the circadian network. The molecular mechanisms underlying this chronobiotic effect have also been investigated in rats. REV‐ERB α seems to be the initial molecular target.     

Alcoholism and coagulating gland: Androgen and insulin like growth factor-1 receptor features

The aim of this work was to characterize the structural and molecular changes in the coagulating gland from rats submitted to long-term alcohol treatment, as well as the possibility of recovery of these parameters after interrupting the alcohol administration. Ten Wistar and twenty UChB rats were divided into: Control group received tap water; Alcoholic group received 10% (v/v) ethanol daily for 150 days; and Abstinent group, received 10% (v/v) ethanol daily for 120 days and then tap water like the control for another 30 days. After 150 days, samples from the coagulating glands were processed for morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. The results showed atrophied epithelium and hypertrophied stroma, especially in the alcoholic group. Intensed androgen receptor (AR) immunolocalization was verified in the epithelium and weak in the stroma of the control group in relation to the other groups. Intensed insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1) immunolocalization was verified in the stroma of the alcoholic and abstinent groups. Thus, it could be concluded that the excessive alcohol consumption caused morphological and molecular changes in the coagulating gland, characterizing the inverse relation of AR and IGFR-1 localization. The alcohol was an important factor in cellular mitosis occurrence, which could be fundamental element involved in glandular lesions.