Chemical constituents from Alismatis Rhizoma and their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo

Six new compounds, including a new compound with an unusual 2, 4, 6-cycloheptatrien ketone skeleton (1), two new diphenylpropanoid ethers (2, 3), a new protostane-type triterpenoid (4), two new norsesquiterpene (5a, 5b), and two new natural products (6, 7), together with eleven known compounds (8–18) were isolated from the aqueous extract of Alismatis Rhizoma (AR). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR (¹H and ¹³C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), HRESIMS spectroscopic data, experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Some of the compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Two protostane-type triterpenoids, compounds 4 and 17, exhibited potent inhibitory activities with the IC₅₀ values of 39.3 and 63.9 μM compared with indomethacin. In the meanwhile, their anti-inflammatory effects were also confirmed by acute inflammation model induced by CuSO₄ in zebrafish.     

Radix/Rhizoma Notoginseng extract (Sanchitongtshu) for ischemic stroke: A randomized controlled study

Agents of sanchi have been widely used as a complementary medicine for stroke in China. Sanchitongshu is a new Chinese patent medicine extracted from sanchi which has stronger anti-platelet activity than other agents of sanchi. Our aim was to investigate the synergistic action of low dose of aspirin combined with sanchitongshu capsule in the treatment of patients with light and moderate ischemic stroke in acute and subacute stages.This was a multi-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in four hospitals in China from July 2004 to 2006. 140 patients of ischemic stroke in anterior cerebral circulation within 30 days of onset were enrolled. Participants were assigned either to receive aspirin (50 mg per day) and sanchitongshu capsule (200 mg three times a day) or aspirin (50 mg per day) and placebo capsule.Low dose of aspirin combined with sanchitongshu capsule significantly ameliorated neurological deficit (increased score of ESS: t = −5.02, p < 0.0001) and activities of daily living (increased score of BI: t = −2.4, p = 0.0178) after treatment compared with aspirin alone. Adverse reaction which occurred equally in both arms, was light to moderate and disappeared without special treatment.Sanchitongshu capsule, as a complementary medicine to aspirin, was effective in improving outcomes after ischemic stroke. It was a safe drug in our trial.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定升麻药材中升麻苷H-1的含量

建立升麻药材中升麻苷H-1含量测定的反相高效液相色谱分析方法。使用H&E XP ODS-A色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm5,μm),流动相为乙腈-水-磷酸(35∶65∶0.4),流速为1 mL/min,柱温为26℃,检测波长203nm。测得升麻苷H-1线性范围为0.95～28.5μg/mL(r=0.9999),平均回收率(n=6)为99.35%(RSD=2.79%),不同来源批次升麻药材含量测定结果表明,升麻药材中升麻苷H-1含量为0.53%～1.09%,综合分析批样品含量测定结果,建议升麻药材中含升麻苷H-1应不低于0.4%。本方法简便、准确、重复性好、专属性强,可作为升麻药材质量控制方法。     

肾衰康浓缩丸质量标准研究

目的：建立肾衰康浓缩丸质量控制方法。方法：采用TLC鉴别肾衰康浓缩丸中大黄、丹参;采用HPLC-ELSD对制剂中黄芪甲苷进行含量测定,流动相为乙腈-水（30：70）,流速：1 mL/min,柱温：28℃,漂移管温度：42℃,氮气：355kPa。结果：大黄、丹参的TLC鉴别斑点清晰、专属性强;黄芪甲苷在1.0μg-10.0μg之间呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9997,n=5）,平均回收率为99.81%,RSD为1.73%（n=6）。结论：所建立的方法简便准确、专属性强、重现性好,可作为控制肾衰康浓缩丸质量的方法。     

Chain conformation and bioactivity of water‐soluble polysaccharide extracted from Rhizoma Panacis Japonici

A water‐soluble α‐(1→4)‐D ‐glucan heteropolysaccharide with 37% degree of branch extracted by base from Rhizoma Panacis Japonici, coded as RPS3, was fractionated into six fractions by the method of nonsolvent addition. Their weight‐average molecular mass (M_w), polydispersity index (M_w/M_n), and radius of gyration (〈s²〉_z^1/2) were determined with laser light scattering (LLS) and size exclusion chromatography combined with LLS. The structure of the fraction was determined by methylation analyses and ¹³C NMR. The dependences of intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and 〈s²〉_z^1/2 on M_w were established as [η] = 0.71 M_w^{0.27 ± 0.01} (cm³/g) and 〈s²〉_z^1/2 = 1.53 M_w^{0.27 ± 0.02} (nm) in the M_w range from 5.62 × 10⁴ to 3.05 × 10⁶ (g/mol) for RPS3 in 0.15M NaCl aqueous solution at 25°C. On the basis of the current theory of the polymer solution, the fractal dimension (d_f), unperturbed chain dimension (A), and characteristic ratio (C_∞) were calculated to be 3.0, 1.48 Å, and 15.1, respectively. The results revealed that the RPS3 chains existed as spherical conformation in the aqueous solution. Transmission electron microscope further provided the evidence of the sphere shape of the RPS3 and its fractionated molecules in water. In vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated that the fractions could inhibit the tumor cells and showed no harm to normal cells at low dose. The bioactivity was relative with molecular mass of the samples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 383–390, 2010. This article was originally published online as an acceptedpreprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office atbiopolymers@wiley.com     

野生珍稀药用植物七叶一枝花的成分含量分析

利用分光光度计、高效液相色谱仪和等离子光谱仪对华中地区珍稀药用植物七叶一枝花[Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis(Franch．)Hara]根茎的化学成分薯蓣皂甙元、黄酮、19种游离氨基酸、微量元素进行了分析。结果显示：薯蓣皂甙元含量为0．62％,黄酮含量为0．0628%,总游离氨基酸含量为0．33%,微量元素中钙为0.77％,镁为0.20％,钾为0.98%,铁为0．20%,锌为44．8mg／kg,磷为746mg／kg。     

Molecular mass and chain conformations of Rhizoma Panacis Japonici polysaccharides

The molecular mass and size of five water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Rhizoma Panacis Japonici (RPJ) were determined with laser light scattering (LLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with LLS (SEC–LLS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), as well as transmission electron microscope (TEM). Their weight-average molecular masses (M_w) were 3.5 × 10⁴, 1.47 × 10⁵, 1.24 × 10⁶, 9.26 × 10⁵ and 1.36 × 10⁶, radii of gyration (<s²>_z^1/2) were 14.7, 31.7, 50.8, 41.8 and 40.4 nm, and hydrodynamic radii (R_h) were 19.9, 37.5, 66.2, 52.1, and 55.2 nm, respectively. The results showed that molecular masses and sizes of the polysaccharides were influenced by the pH and temperature of the extraction mediums. The conformation parameters were calculated from the above data according to polymer solution theory. The values of ρ (= <s²>_z^1/2/R_h) were from 0.7 to 0.8, exponents (ν) of <s²>_z^1/2 = k M_w^ν were from 0.31 to 0.43, and fractal dimension (d_f) were from 2.3 to 3.2, respectively. The results revealed that all of the polysaccharides existed as spheres in 0.15 M NaCl aqueous solution. TEM and atomic force microscope (AFM) further confirmed the spherical morphologies of these molecules. The spherical conformations of the polysaccharides were a result of their highly branched structures.     

应用基因表达谱芯片研究黄药子对小鼠肝脏的毒性机制(简报)

黄药子为薯蓣科植物黄独(Dioscorea bulbifera L．)的块茎,临床常用于治疗甲状腺肿、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒等。近年来临床上关于黄药子的毒副作用,尤其是对肝、肾的不良反应屡有报道。当黄药子或其代谢物在肝细胞内累积时会直接干扰肝细