Potential of a Dried Mycelium Formulation of an Indigenous Strain of Metarhizium anisopliae Against Subterranean Pests of Cranberry

We demonstrated that a dried mycelium formulation of an indigenous strain of Metarhizium anisopliae has good potential as an effective biopesticide against the black vine weevil (BVW), Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), and the cranberry girdler (CG), Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zeller). The formulation was produced at moderate sized batches scales (~ 100g product per batch) using inexpensive and easily obtainable equipment (< US$1000). Levels of conidiation were consistent among production batches and storage intervals with the product remaining viable for long time periods at 4&#176;C, in one case for more than a year. Levels of contamination by yeasts and other benign fungi were also consistent. Fewer BVW and CG were found in small plots treated with the dried mycelium formulation than in untreated plots, but differences were not always significant. A waxmoth ( Galleria mellonella ) bait bioassay demonstrated the formulation remained viable in the soil over long time periods (> 7 months). Percentage of M. anisopliae infected waxmoth larvae was significantly affected by rate.     

Potential of a Dried Rice/Mycelium Formulation of Entomopathogenic Fungi to Suppress Subterranean Pests in Small Fruits

The potential of a dried rice/mycelium formulation of three species of entomopathogenic fungi ( Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces farinosus ) was assessed according to five criteria: storage life, field efficacy against two subterranean pests of cranberry, persistence and efficacy against first-instar black vine weevil larvae in potted strawberry and field persistence in a cranberry bog. The number of conidia sporulated from the formulation did not decline between 4 and 20 days. In small plot field trials, the numbers of black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), were significantly lower in plots treated with 1000 gm - 2 of formulated M. anisopliae than in untreated plots. In similar trials, the numbers of adult cranberry girdler, Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zeller), inside emergence cages were significantly lower on plots treated with the formulated M. anisopliae than on untreated plots. The formulation suppressed first-instar black vine weevil larvae in potted strawberry regardless of the species of entomopathogenic fungus or the post-inoculation interval. M. anisopliae was periodically isolated for up to 637 days from plots in cranberry bogs treated with the formulation. In general, the dried rice/mycelium formulation may be a useful fungal mycopesticide for the management of subterranean pests of small fruits, especially if applied at high rates to areas of serious pest infestation.     

中国草螟亚科两新种(鳞翅目,螟蛾科,草螟亚科)

描述了草螟亚科2新种:四尖突金草螟Chrysoteuchia quadrapicula sp.nov.和刚毛微草螟Glaucocharis setacea sp.nov..首次对叉形微草螟G.furculella Wang＆Song的雌性进行了描述,绘制了新种和叉形微草螟的外生殖器图.同时报道了中国2新纪录种:喜马拉雅微草螟G.himalayana Gaskin和阿萨姆微草螟G.assamensis Gaskin.目前中国有微草螟属记录46种.四尖突金草螟Chrysoteuchiaquadrapicula sp.nov.的抱器背无突起,阳茎内有多于10枚的角状器.雌性交配囊口端有4个小的长突起.正模♂,四川万县(30.8°N,108.3°E),海拔1 200 m,1993-08-12,宋士美采.副模1♂,1♀,贵州梵净山(27.9°N,108.6°E),海拔1 300m,2001-08-01,李后魂采;副模1♂,湖北咸丰(29.8°N,114.2°E),海拔1 280 m,1999-07-22,采集人相同.正模保存在中国科学院动物研究所,副模保存在南开大学生物系.刚毛微草螟G.setacea sp.nov.的爪形突基部有一对长刚毛,阳茎内有1枚大型和5枚小型角状器.正模♂,湖北五峰(30.2°N,110.6°E),海拔1 000 m,1999-07-12,李后魂采.模式标本保存在南开大学生物系.叉形微草螟的交配孔宽大;交配腔呈漏斗形;交配囊内有两枚星形囊片.