大叶黄杨长毛斑蛾的生物学研究

大叶黄杨长毛斑蛾于1990年在山东威海地区首次发现,是为害大叶黄杨的重要害虫,一年发生1代,以卵在枝条上越冬,翌年4月初出现幼虫,5月中旬初开始结茧化蛹,10月底始见成虫,作于1990-1993年对该虫的形态特征,生活史及为害习性进行了观察研究,并提出综合防治措施。     

外源保幼激素对中华通草蛉滞育解除及滞育后发育的影响

[目的]本研究旨在明确外源保幼激素(juvenile hormone,JH)在中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica滞育快速解除过程中的使用剂量及最佳使用时期.[方法]测定点滴不同剂量(0,5,15,25和35 μg/成虫)外源JH后中华通草蛉滞育成虫的产卵前期、产卵历期、雌虫寿命及单雌产卵量,以及15 μg/...     

中华通草蛉越冬成虫肠道可培养好氧细菌多样性分析

本研究以昆虫微生态学原理为指导探究中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica(Tjeder)的肠道菌群构成,为中华通草蛉的营养生理研究及人工繁殖利用提供理论依据和技术基础。采用无菌解剖及纯培养分离检测技术,从雌、雄成虫肠道环境中分离、纯化、培养,获得10个细菌菌株,对菌体形态、染色反应、培养形状、生理生化反应进行系统研究。结果表明,上述10个菌株分别属于摩根氏菌属(Morganella)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、地杆菌属(Terrabacter)、爱德华氏菌属(Edwardsiella)、色杆菌属(Chromobacterium)、热黄杆菌(Flavobacterium thoupophilum)、放线杆菌属(Actinobacillus)、棍状杆菌属(Clavibacter)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)、预研菌属(Yokenella);越冬期雌、雄成虫肠道细菌的种类和数量存在较大差异,可能与雌、雄成虫不同的营养和生理需求有关,两者关系还需进一步研究。     

Morphology and morphogenesis of a new marine cyrtophorid ciliate, Hartmannula sinica nov. spec. (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Cyrtophorida) from China

The living morphology, infraciliature and morphogenesis of a new marine cyrtophorid ciliate, Hartmannula sinica nov. spec., collected from Qingdao, north China, have been investigated. The new species is characterized by: size in vivo 90–130×40–50 μm, body long elliptical in outline, cilium-free field covered with a conspicuous alveolar layer; 24–31 ventral kineties, the rightmost 6–9 of which extend apically; 20–24 nematodesmal rods; about 15 sparsely distributed contractile vacuoles; a yellowish pigment spot is always present near the anterior tip of the cell. Morphogenetic events exhibit a pattern, which is homologous with that of related cyrtophorids. The main features are as follows: (1) preoral and circumoral kineties of opisthe develop from the oral primordium that forms in mid-body from sections of 3 postoral kineties, while parental preoral and circumoral kineties are retained; (2) parental cytostome and nematodesmal rods are resorbed in middle divisional stages and then replaced by newly formed structures; (3) the heteromerous macronucleus unifies in the late divisional stage.     

国产丽豆属2个种的比较形态及其生态学特性和地理分布

对国产丽豆属间断分布的 2个种丽豆 Calophaca sinica 和新疆丽豆 C.soongorica 进行了形态、地理分布及其生态学特性的研究 ,其中包括叶表皮微观结构、花粉和果皮形态、种皮特征以及分布现状、生态学适应性等 ,结合古地理、气候、植被等的变迁 ,探讨了丽豆属的起源、形态分化及其环境解释以及现代分布式样的成因 ,并对其资源利用与保护方面的有关问题提出了相关措施和建议     

Structural and Functional Grounds for Ephedra sinica Expansion in Mongolian Steppe Ecosystems

Morphological and structural characteristics of photosynthetic organs, diurnal changes in photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and the efficiency of water use were studied in three plant species from mountain-steppe ecosystems in Mongolia, Ephedra sinica Stapf, Stipa glareosa P. Smirn., and Allium polyrhizum Furcz. ex Regel. The species studied differed in the structural and functional mechanisms for the adaptation of photosynthetic apparatus to arid conditions. E. sinica has thick, vertical assimilating shoots, which are characterized by a high density (620 mg/cm³) and a small proportion of photosynthetic tissues (13%). The proportion of meso-phyll in the leaves of A. polyrhizum and S. glareosa was two and three times higher, respectively. The low content of phototrophic tissues in E. sinica shoot was compensated for by a high photosynthetic activity of single chloroplasts (25 mg CO₂/(10⁹ chloroplast h)), which was six times higher, than in two other species. Daily course of photosynthesis and transpiration inE. sinica differed from those of A. polyrhizum and S. glareosa by the absence of the midday depression. E. sinica had the highest efficiency of water use (45 mg CO₂/g H₂O) due to a low transpiration rate (0.25 g/g fr wt h). It is concluded that, in E. sinica, the main strategy for adaptation to arid stress is to develop in the shoot a few photosynthesizing cells of high assimilation activity. Such structural organization of photosynthetic organs in ephedra contributes to its higher efficiency of water use and stability of physiological characteristics under changing environmental conditions. These specific features of the structure of assimilating organs and their functional features contribute to a greater expansion of E. sinica with increasing climate aridization in Mongolia.     

中华通草蛉卵、幼虫和成虫在麦田分布型的研究

研究了中华通草蛉卵、幼虫和成虫在麦田的分布型,均属聚集分布,分析提出适宜的取样调查方法,即双对象线或棋盘式10点,每点调查1m^2麦株。     

叶色草蛉的生物学研究1:热常数和发育速率(英文)

利用优选法和快速估计法对叶色草岭在７个温度处理下的个体发育的过程进行了测算,确定了它的卵期、幼虫期、蛹期及幼虫期的一龄、二龄和三龄的发育起始温度（Ｔ_０）和有效积温（Ｋ）,前一方法的结果Ｔ_０分别为１４．２０、１１．５５、８．２７、１０．８４、１０．０３和１２．７９℃;Ｋ分别为５３．８２、１５１．５８、２４３．８５、５２．１４、４５．８６和５５．２０日／度。后一方法的结果Ｔ_０分别为１４．３３、１２．１８、８．３８、 １１．６２、１０．６６和１３．２８℃;Ｋ分别为５４．４１、１５７．６２、２４５．２１、５４．６１、４７．５２和５７．０４日／度。同时根据Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ曲线方程确定了不同温度条件下叶色草蛉的发育速率计算式。     

Reproductive biology of Magnolia sinica (Magnoliaecea), a threatened species with extremely small populations in Yunnan,China

Magnolia sinica is one of the most threatened trees endemic to Southeast Yunnan. Based on our investigations, only 52 individuals and eight populations are found in the wild. M. sinica has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and identified as a “Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP)”. Its fruit/seed set is very low and seedlings are rarely found in the wild. It is hypothesized that it may encounter obstacles to reproductive success. This study, therefore, focuses on its reproductive biology, knowledge of which is essential for effective conservation. Flowers of this species are protogynous and nocturnal, and possess a two-day rhythm of sexual presentation. For the first night of anthesis, the flowers are in the pistillate stage during which tepals open at dusk and close approx. 1 h later (except for the open outer ones). They remain closed until the next afternoon, when flowers, now in the staminate stage, re-open and remain so until the tepals drop. Nocturnal beetles enter into the flowers and remain trapped throughout the night as the flower closes, during which time they feed on tepals. Pollen-gathering bees are found to visit the re-opened flowers and the beetles are released during this stage. Two species of Pleocomidae and Curculionidae beetles appear to be effective pollinators.M. sinica is a self-compatible, pollinator-dependent species, and its fruit/seed set can be significantly increased by hand-pollination. No functional seed dispersers have been found in its extant natural habitats. These findings suggest that it may face both pollination and seed disperser insufficiencies in its current fragmented habitats, which may account for its low regeneration. Here we propose conservation strategies based on our findings.