土壤干旱胁迫对酸枣叶片黄酮类代谢及某些生长和生理指标的影响

采用盆栽称量法研究了对照、中度和重度干旱(土壤相对含水量分别为75%、55%和35%)条件下1年生酸枣〔Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa(Bunge)Hu ex H.F.Chow〕幼苗叶片中黄酮类成分含量及一些生长和生理指标的变化,并讨论了酸枣适应干旱过程中黄酮类成分的作用。结果表明:在中度和重度干旱条件下酸枣叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均高于对照,但经重度干旱处理后复水第7天PAL活性与对照无显著差异。与对照相比,中度干旱条件下叶片槲皮素含量基本无变化,总黄酮和芦丁含量分别显著或极显著增加,丙二醛和可溶性蛋白质含量无显著变化;与中度干旱条件相比,重度干旱条件下叶片总黄酮、芦丁和槲皮素含量显著或极显著下降,丙二醛含量不显著增加,可溶性蛋白质含量显著降低;与对照相比,重度干旱条件下总黄酮含量无明显变化,芦丁和丙二醛含量极显著或显著增加,槲皮素和可溶性蛋白质含量显著下降;复水第7天,总黄酮、芦丁和槲皮素含量均显著或极显著高于复水前,且总黄酮和芦丁含量显著高于对照,槲皮素含量与对照无显著差异;复水第1天至第4天,丙二醛含量呈先降后增再降的趋势、可溶性蛋白质含量则呈先降低后逐渐增加的趋势,其中复水第1天丙二醛含量显著高于复水前、可溶性蛋白质含量显著低于复水前。在中度或重度干旱胁迫后酸枣枝条长度均极显著小于对照,且随土壤相对含水量的降低枝条长度减小;叶片相对含水量也表现出随土壤相对含水量的降低逐渐减小的趋势,但差异不显著。研究结果提示:适宜的干旱胁迫可促进酸枣叶片黄酮类代谢,但在不同的干旱胁迫条件下,黄酮类代谢在酸枣抗旱过程中具有不同的作用。     

Omega-3 phospholipids from fish suppress hepatic steatosis by integrated inhibition of biosynthetic pathways in dietary obese mice

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accompanies obesity and insulin resistance. Recent meta-analysis suggested omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA to decrease liver fat in NAFLD patients. Anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and insulin-sensitizing effects of DHA/EPA depend on their lipid form, with marine phospholipids showing better efficacy than fish oils. We characterized the mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of DHA/EPA phospholipids, alone or combined with an antidiabetic drug, on hepatosteatosis. C57BL/6N mice were fed for 7 weeks an obesogenic high-fat diet (cHF) or cHF-based interventions: (i) cHF supplemented with phosphatidylcholine-rich concentrate from herring (replacing 10% of dietary lipids; PC), (ii) cHF containing rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg diet; R), or (iii) PC + R. Metabolic analyses, hepatic gene expression and lipidome profiling were performed. Results showed that PC and PC + R prevented cHF-induced weight gain and glucose intolerance, while all interventions reduced abdominal fat and plasma triacylglycerols. PC and PC + R also lowered hepatic and plasma cholesterol and reduced hepatosteatosis. Microarray analysis revealed integrated down-regulation of hepatic lipogenic and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways by PC, while R-induced lipogenesis was fully counteracted in PC + R. Gene expression changes in PC and PC + R were associated with preferential enrichment of hepatic phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions by DHA/EPA. The complex down-regulation of hepatic lipogenic and cholesterol biosynthesis genes and the antisteatotic effects were unique to DHA/EPA-containing phospholipids, since they were absent in mice fed soy-derived phosphatidylcholine. Thus, inhibition of lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis associated with potent antisteatotic effects in the liver in response to DHA/EPA-containing phospholipids support their use in NAFLD prevention and treatment.     

缙云黄芩与伴生物种的种间关联度分析

缙云黄芩(Scutellaria tsinyunensis C.Y.Wu et Chow)是重庆特有濒危植物,也为极小种群物种。该研究采用2×2列联表、应用方差分析、χ~2统计量、Ochiai指数、Dice指数、Jaccard指数等计算方法,分析了缙云黄芩9个群落中草本层18种伴生物种与缙云黄芩的种间关联度,结合与其伴生物种的频度分布分析,以明确缙云黄芩及其伴生物种的频度分布及种间关联度,探讨其群落中主要草本物种与缙云黄芩的相互作用,为地方特有珍贵物种的保护和利用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)缙云黄芩与其伴生物种在频度分布上与边缘鳞盖蕨以及蝴蝶花呈协同作用,与多序楼梯草、淡竹叶、蓝叶藤呈拮抗作用,与红盖鳞毛蕨部分呈协同作用、部分呈拮抗作用。(2)缙云黄芩群落总体关联度表明,6个群落呈现正关联,3个群落呈现负关联。(3)在48个种对中,34个种对显示为正关联,占总关联对数70.8%;14个种对之间表现为负关联,占总关联对数29.2%,其中显著正联结或负联结的种对仅3对,约占总数6.3%,极显著负联结种对仅1对。研究认为,寻找和保护与缙云黄芩正关联性较强的物种来共同形成利于特定物种生存的环境,或在野外将缙云黄芩移植到分布正关联物种的群落中有利于缙云黄芩野外扩繁。     

天麻中一种凝集素类似蛋白对植物病原真菌的抑制作用

从人工栽培黄天麻（GustrodiaelataBl.f.flavidaS.Chow）皮层部分分离得到一种10kD的凝集素类似蛋白（GAFP-1）,在体外对绿色木霉（Trichodermaviride）,梨黑腐皮壳（Valsaambiens）,立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctoniasalani/I>）,小麦赤霉菌（Gibberellazeae）的多个生理小种如F-34,F-11,JF-10,H-28,紫芝菌（Ganodermalucidum相似文献   

Differential modulation of white adipose tissue endocannabinoid levels by n-3 fatty acids in obese mice and type 2 diabetic patients

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) might regulate metabolism by lowering endocannabinoid levels. We examined time-dependent changes in adipose tissue levels of endocannabinoids as well as in parameters of glucose homeostasis induced by n-3 PUFA in dietary-obese mice, and compared these results with the effect of n-3 PUFA intervention in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 8, 16 or 24?weeks a high-fat diet alone (cHF) or supplemented with n-3 PUFA (cHF?+?F). Overweight/obese, T2DM patients on metformin therapy were given for 24?weeks corn oil (Placebo; 5?g/day) or n-3 PUFA concentrate as above (Omega-3; 5?g/day). Endocannabinoids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry. Compared to cHF-fed controls, the cHF?+?F mice consistently reduced 2-arachidonoylglycerol (up to ~2-fold at week 24) and anandamide (~2-fold) in adipose tissue, while the levels of endocannabinoid-related anti-inflammatory molecules N-eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamine (EPEA) and N-docosahexaenoyl ethanolamine (DHEA) increased more than ~10-fold and ~8-fold, respectively. At week 24, the cHF?+?F mice improved glucose tolerance and fasting blood glucose, the latter being positively correlated with adipose 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels only in obese cHF-fed controls, like fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. In the patients, n-3 PUFA failed to reduce 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide levels in adipose tissue and serum, but they increased both adipose tissue and serum levels of EPEA and DHEA. In conclusion, the inability of n-3 PUFA to reduce adipose tissue and serum levels of classical endocannabinoids might contribute to a lack of beneficial effects of these lipids on glucose homeostasis in T2DM patients.     

杨属一新变种

发表了杨属一变新种,即粉皮河北杨(Populus hopeiensis Hu et Chow var. pulveru lenta SH. Y. Ma, D. S. Yao et X. C. Chen)。