蜡梅种子抑菌成分研究

在抑菌活性追踪指导下,采用硅胶柱层析的方法。从蜡梅种子中分离得到一活性化合物A,经质谱、核磁共振波谱等技术鉴定为d－洋蜡梅碱。经杀虫活性和抑菌活性测定,该化合物对粘虫的幼虫无毒杀活性;对西瓜枯萎病菌、玉米小斑病菌、玉米大斑病菌、番茄早疫病菌均有显著的抑菌活性。其抑制中浓（EC50）分别为：3878．8、29．3、103．1、328．3mg／L,但对油菜菌核病菌无抑制活性。     

The Chimonanthus salicifolius genome provides insight into magnoliid evolution and flavonoid biosynthesis

Chimonanthus salicifolius, a member of the Calycanthaceae of magnoliids, is one of the most famous medicinal plants in Eastern China. Here, we report a chromosome‐level genome assembly of C. salicifolius, comprising 820.1 Mb of genomic sequence with a contig N50 of 2.3 Mb and containing 36 651 annotated protein‐coding genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that magnoliids were sister to the eudicots. Two rounds of ancient whole‐genome duplication were inferred in the C. salicifolious genome. One is shared by Calycanthaceae after its divergence with Lauraceae, and the other is in the ancestry of Magnoliales and Laurales. Notably, long genes with > 20 kb in length were much more prevalent in the magnoliid genomes compared with other angiosperms, which could be caused by the length expansion of introns inserted by transposon elements. Homologous genes within the flavonoid pathway for C. salicifolius were identified, and correlation of the gene expression and the contents of flavonoid metabolites revealed potential critical genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis. This study not only provides an additional whole‐genome sequence from the magnoliids, but also opens the door to functional genomic research and molecular breeding of C. salicifolius.     

Proteinaceous Inhibitor Versus Fructose as Modulators of Pteris deflexa Invertase Activity

An acid invertase from the fern Pteris deflexa Link was purified and the effect of reaction products on enzyme activity was studied. Fructose and glucose were competitive and non-competitive inhibitors of the enzyme, respectively. Since proteins suppressed glucose and fructose inhibition of the enzyme, an invertase modulation by reaction products is unlikely; nevertheless, an invertase proteinaceous inhibitor previously reported could have a role in this respect. The purified enzyme was an heterodimer M r 90,000 Daltons composed of subunits of 66,000 and 30,000 Daltons. The enzyme had β -fructofuranosidase activity and hydrolyzed mainly sucrose but also raffinose and stachyose, with K m of 3.22, 10.80 and 38.50 mM, respectively. Invertase activity with an optimum pH at 5.0 was present in almost every leaf fern tissue. Pinnas (sporophyll leaflets) had the higher enzyme levels. Invertase histochemical and immunochemical localization studies showed the enzyme mainly in phloem cells. Epidermis, collenchyma and parenchyma cells also showed invertase protein.     

中国神农架蜡梅属一新变种和新变型

描述了蜡梅（Chimonanthus praecox L.）一新变种即卷瓣蜡梅,该变种与原变种的主要区别是中花被片高度反卷,中被片颜色为白色或金黄色,主要分布于神农架林区。其中中被片颜色为白色的卷瓣蜡梅可以被看作一个新变型跳枝蜡梅。     

Constituents from Chimonanthus praecox (wintersweet)

One new (1) and seven (2–8) known sesquiterpenoids, four dimeric tryptamine-related alkaloids (9–12) and six glycosides (13–18) were isolated from the fruits and leaves of Chimonanthus praecox (wintersweet). Based on its spectroscopic data, the new structure of compound 1, an oppositane-type sesquiterpenoid, was elucidated to be the C-4 epimer of bullatantriol (2). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against a small panel of human cancer cell lines, and only the chimonanthine-type alkaloids (10–12) were found to have cytotoxic effects against gastric carcinoma NUGC3 and hepatocarcinoma SNU739 cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.3 to 19.7 μM.     

蜡梅AFLP分子标记技术体系的建立

利用简易CTAB法、改良的CTAB法和SDS法提取蜡梅[Chimonanthus praecox(L.)Link]成熟叶和嫩叶的基因组,并进行了检测比较。结果显示,改良的CTAB法更适合蜡梅基因组DNA的提取,蜡梅叶片的年龄并不影响蜡梅基因组DNA的提取;同时利用AFLP分子标记技术,采用MseI-EcoR I酶切组合,从168对引物中筛选出10对带型分布均匀、多态性高且分辨能力强的引物,分别为:M23E46、M24E46、M25E46、M23E47、M24E47、M41E47、M41E94、M64E94、M64E66和M24E75,并确定了适用于蜡梅AFLP反应的最佳酶切连接、预扩和选扩体系,从而为今后利用AFLP分子标记技术研究蜡梅的品种分类和野生居群的遗传多样性分析打下坚实的基础。     

野生田头菇菌株的驯化及其子实体营养成分分析

采自湖南洞庭湖大通湖区芦苇湿地的野生菌株,经鉴定为田头菇Agrocybe praecox。通过驯化实现人工栽培,栽培原料以芦苇屑为主,使用液体菌种和覆土栽培方式,初潮菇平均生物转化率为45.6%。营养成分分析表明：以芦苇屑为栽培培养基,子实体中矿物元素含量分别为K（2 190mg/kg）、Fe（16.2mg/kg）、Mg（59.7mg/kg）、Ca（33.4mg/kg）,必需氨基酸含量占比高达44.85%,谷氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬氨酸含量高,是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、高钾低钠的食用菌。     

泛函连接网络计算软件及其在生物多样性研究中的应用

针对农田生物多样性分析的需要,研制出泛函连接网络（FLANN）计算软件。该软件由7个Java类和1个HTML文件组成,是一种Internet在线计算工具,可运行于多种操作系统和Web浏览器上,并在各种类型的PC及工作站上使用,可读取多种类型的数据库文件。对水稻田昆虫生物多样性的两组取样调查数据Zmar18和Zapr15,用生物多样性工具软件LUMP和非监督分类－离差平方和聚类法进行统计归纳及分类,分别划分为21个和20个功能群,各包含60个样本。以FLANN计算软件对昆虫生物多样性进行了模式分类分析。结果表明,泛函连接网络的模式分类及预测与实际测查结果吻合良好。泛函连接网络Internet在线计算软件的应用可促进生物多样性数据采集和分析的规范化,有利于数据和信息共享,也为形成高度的生物多样性智能分析系统提供了一种工具。