牛奶子花粉形态特征与生活力测定

采用两种扫描电镜样品制备技术制备牛奶子花粉,扫描电镜观察其形态,研究结果表明:经自然干燥法制样,牛奶子花粉外观变形严重;采用固定—脱水制样,花粉外形保持良好,牛奶子花粉近球形,极面观钝三角圆形,具3沟,表面具脑纹状雕纹。采用I2-KI染色法测定牛奶子花粉开花后不同时间的生活力,结果表明:牛奶子花粉生活力在开花初较高,并在开花后36h内维持在80%以上,之后迅速下降,但在花期末仍有部分花粉具有生活力。     

Factors Influencing Formation of Sclerotia in Grifola umbellate （Pers.） Pilaet Under Artificial Conditions

The effects of substrate composition and temperature on myceilal growth and sclerotium production in Grlfola umbellate （Pers.） Pilaet were Investigated In the present study. The Induction of sclerotla of G. umbellate was affected greatly by the type of medium, as well as the type of carbon source. Malt-extract agar was able to induce the production of sclerotia. The production of sclerotia was also observed when the carbon source in the GPC agar medium （glucose 20 g/L, peptone 6 g/L, corn steep liquor 10 g/L, and agar 15 g/L） was replaced with glycerol or mannitol. Altering the composition of the GPC medium with milk powder, thiamine hydrochlorlde, extract of Armlllarla mellea, active clay, dlatomite, kaolin, or arginlne did not induce the production of sclerotla. A temperature range of 18-25 ℃ was suitable for both mycellai growth and sclerotium formation. Glycerol significantly Induced slerotium formation on nutrient supplemented with sawdust substrates In bottle culture. 24S-Polyporusterone A and polyporusterone B were assayed In samples of natural and cultured sclerotla. Both natural and cultured sclerotla contained 24S- polyporusterone A and polyporusterone B.     

猪苓营养菌丝与栽培菌核蛋白质成分的分析

对猪苓(Polyporus umbellate)营养菌丝与栽培菌核中蛋白质的氨基酸种类及含量进行了测定。结果表明,猪苓营养菌丝中各物质质量分数是:粗蛋白325.9g·kg-1,必需氨基酸总量34.924 g·kg-1,氨基酸总量91.956 g·kg-1;栽培菌核中各物质质量分数是:粗蛋白49.1 g·kg-1,必需氨基酸总量8.465 g·kg-1,氨基酸总量35.847 g·kg-1。营养菌丝中所含粗蛋白、氨基酸的量显著高于栽培菌核中粗蛋白、氨基酸的量。     

猪苓液体培养基筛选研究

以猪苓Polyporusumbellate(Pers.)Fries为材料 ,在 2 4 - 2 6℃ ,16 0r/min振荡培养条件下 ,进行了液体培养基的筛选研究。结果表明 ,猪苓生长的最适液体培养基为 :玉米粉 30g,酵母膏 30g ,KH2 PO41.0g ,MgSO4·7H2 O 1.0g,CaCO3 1.0g ,VB10 .lg,pH5 .8。     

Chemical constituents of Chimaphila japonica Miq

A phytochemical study of the whole plants of Chimaphila japonica Miq. led to the isolation of 23 compounds, including ten triterpenoids (1–10), six flavonoids (11–16), two sterols (17 and 18), two quinonoids (19 and 20), one saccharide derivative (21), one phenolic glycoside (22), and one megastigmane glycoside (23). The structures of these isolated compounds were identified using NMR spectroscopy (¹H and ¹³C) by comparison with previously reported data. All compounds, except 19 and 22, were reported from C. japonica for the first time. Among them, 16 compounds (1–4, 6–9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, and 23) were reported from genus Chimaphila for the first time, while compounds 12, 16, and 23 were isolated from the Ericaceae family for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also discussed.     

Development of microsatellite markers for the endangered semi‐shrub Chimaphila umbellata (Ericaceae)

Based on the DNA sequencing reads obtained using 454 pyrosequencing, primers amplifying 16 microsatellite loci were developed for the endangered semi‐shrub Chimaphila umbellata, which occurs sporadically in the Japanese Archipelago. These 16 loci were polymorphic in the populations sampled from the Hokkaido and Tohoku Districts; the mean number of alleles was 3.31 and 3.44, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.42 and 0.44, respectively. These loci were not linked to each other and contained no null alleles. Amplification using these primers was also tested in the congeneric species C. japonica, but only three of them successfully amplified DNA of the species. These markers will be used to examine genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in populations of C. umbellata.