家兔中脑导水管周围灰质中甲七肽样免疫活性物质具有镇痛作用并参与电针镇痛

以辐射热照射家兔鼻嘴部皮肤,测定甩头反应潜伏期(ERL)作为痛阈。通过预先埋植的慢性套管向中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)注射甲七肽降解酶抑制剂 Captopril,观察其镇痛作用以及加强电针镇痛的作用能否被特异的甲七肽抗血清所对抗。(1)单侧 PAG 注射 Captopril240 nmol 的镇痛作用可为同一部位注射甲七肽抗血清(1μl)所翻转,注入甲啡肽抗血清则无效。(2)单侧 PAG 注射 Captopril 60 nmol 有加强电针镇痛的作用。该作用可被1μl 甲七肽抗血清所完全取消,将抗血清量减少到0.1μl 则无效。以上结果说明 PAG 内的甲七肽样免疫活性物质在镇痛和电针镇痛中发挥重要作用。     

ELF MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN MICE

In this work we have studied some hematological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, as well as some histological aspects of liver and spleen during chronic exposure (1, 6, and 8 months) to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF). Balb/C mice were exposed to an experimental sinusoidal magnetic wavefield of 60 Hz with a 0.11-mT intensity, generated in a system of Helmholtz coils. The results have shown no ELF-MF–cancer relationship during our experimental exposure time. However, leukopenia, hemoglobin decrease, and liver and spleen weight increase were observed. The bioeffects described could be correlated with spleen hyperfunction, which could have been produced by chronic exposure to this ELF-MF.     

ACE inhibition actively promotes cell survival by altering gene expression

We tested the effect of ACE inhibition on the survival of bovine retinal (REC) and choroidal (CEC) endothelial cells (EC) in culture. The ACE inhibitor captopril delayed the apoptotic tube collapse of REC on Matrigel for >15 days. Captopril treatment of confluent monolayers (2-8 weeks) followed by slow starvation (2-4 weeks) increased EC viability by approximately 200%. Two-week captopril exposures were sufficient to confer maximal protection. Only vehicle-treated EC demonstrated apoptotic features such as membrane blebbing and DNA laddering. By RT-PCR, the starvation marker p202 was upregulated only in starved cells. In REC, captopril upregulated the pro-survival proteins mortalin-2, uPA, and uPAR while downregulating the anti-growth sprouty-4 and tPA. In CEC, captopril also upregulated tPA and its inhibitor PAI-1. Amiloride (uPA inhibitor) blocked the captopril-induced increase in EC survival, secondary sprouting, and invasion in Matrigel. The pro-survival effects of captopril involve the reprogramming of genes involved in cell survival and immortalization.     

Trophic and steroidogenic effects of water deprivation on the adrenal gland of the adult female rat

The effects of a 3-day water deprivation were studied in adult female rats in order to know what are the different zones of the adrenal gland and the hormonal factors involved in the growth and the activity of the adrenal gland. Water deprivation significantly increased plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma Angiotensin II (AII), vasopressin (AVP), epinephrine, aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations but did not modify the plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) level. Water deprivation significantly increased the absolute weight of the adrenal capsule containing the zona glomerulosa without modification of the density of cells per area unit suggesting that the growth of the adrenal capsule was due to a cell hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa. Water deprivation significantly increased the density of AII type 1 (AT₁) receptors in the adrenal capsule but did not modify the density of AII type 2 (AT₂) receptors in the adrenal capsule and core containing the zona fasciculata, the zona reticularis and the medulla. The treatment of dehydrated female rats with captopril, which inhibits the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in order to block the production of AII, significantly decreased the absolute weight of the adrenal capsule, plasma aldosterone and the density of AT₁ receptors in the adrenal capsule. The concentration of corticosterone in the plasma, the density of AT₂ receptors and the density of cells per unit area in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal capsule were not affected by captopril-treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that AII seems to be the main factor involved in the stimulation of the growth and the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal capsule containing the zona glomerulosa during water deprivation. The low level of plasma ACTH is not involved in the growth of the adrenal gland but is probably responsible for the secretion of corticosterone by the zona fasciculata.     

多重干预RAAS对大鼠慢性心功能不全心室重构及血钾的影响

目的探讨多重干预RAAS对大鼠慢性心功能不全心室重构及血钾的影响。方法实验采用缩窄大鼠腹主动脉法建立慢性压力负荷致心功能不全动物模型,选6周龄20只雌性SD大鼠,随机分4组(每组5只),B组(手术模型组)、C组(卡托普利组)、D组(卡托普利+缬沙坦组)、E组(卡托普利+缬沙坦+螺内酯组),另随机抽取5只同龄雌性SD大鼠假手术作为对照(A组)。给药8周后用Doppler超声心动图检测大鼠心脏结构和心功能各项参数的变化,放射免疫法测定血浆AngⅡ,ALDO浓度,并生化检测血钾水平。结果腹主动脉结扎后第9周,与A组比较,B组舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVSTD)、舒张末期左室后壁厚度(LVPWTD)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)、左室重量(LVM)、左室重量与体重比(LVM/BW)均显著提高(P<0.05);C、D、E组与B组相比,LVM,LVM/BW下降显著(P<0.05)。各药物干预组(C、D、E)血浆AngⅡ,ALDO水平明显低于B组(P<0.05),以联合应用螺内酯组明显。各药物干预组与A组和B组相比较,血钾水平差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论联合应用卡托普利、缬沙坦及螺内酯多重干预RAAS能明显改善大鼠慢性心功能不全心室重构,对血钾无明显影响。     

ACE inhibitors reduce fecundity in the mosquito,Anopheles stephensi

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, which cleaves dipeptides and, in some instances, dipeptide or tripeptide amides from the C-terminus of regulatory peptides (e.g. angiotensin I, bradykinin and substance P). The expression of ACE is highly regulated in insects, where it is thought to have a role in the metabolism of peptide hormones involved in regulating reproduction. After a blood meal, ACE activity in the female mosquito Anopheles stephensi, increases four-fold with much of the enzyme finally accumulating in the ovary. In the present study, we have studied the effect on reproduction of adding two selective inhibitors of ACE, captopril and lisinopril, to the blood meal. Both ACE inhibitors reduced the size of the batch of eggs laid by females in a dose-dependent manner, with no observable effects on the behaviour of the adult insect. The almost total failure to lay eggs after feeding on either 1 mM captopril or 1 mM lisinopril, did not result from interference with the development of the primary follicle, but was due to the inhibition of egg-laying. Since very similar effects on the size of the egg-batch were observed with two selective ACE inhibitors, belonging to different chemical classes, we suggest that these effects are mediated by the selective inhibition of the induced mosquito ACE, a peptidase probably involved in the activation/inactivation of a peptide regulating egg-laying activity in A. stephensi.     

代谢调衡饮治疗代谢综合征的临床疗效观察

目的:考察代谢调衡饮治疗代谢综合征的临床疗效。方法:将60例代谢综合征患者随机分为试验组和对照组,对照组口服卡托普利和二甲双胍,试验组在此基础上加服代谢调衡饮,疗程3个月,观察两组治疗前后体重指数、血压、血糖、血脂等指标变化。结果:试验组有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组患者治疗后体重指数、血压、血糖、血脂指标改善更明显(P<0.05 or P<0.01)。结论:代谢调衡饮对代谢综合征患者具有减重降压,降糖调脂功效,是干预代谢调衡饮的有效方剂。     

Antioxidant effects of captopril against lead acetate-induced hepatic and splenic tissue toxicity in Swiss albino mice

Considering that lead caused a lot of health problems in the world, the present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of captopril as antioxidants to reduce liver and spleen toxicity induced by lead. Animals were divided into 3 groups, the 1st group served as control group, the 2nd group received 20 mg/kg of lead acetate and the 3rd group received 50 mg/kg of captopril one hour prior to lead administration for 5 days. Results showed that lead intake caused severe alterations in the liver and spleen manifested by hepatocytes degeneration, leukocytic infiltration, fibrosis in liver and moderate to severe liver pathological score. Spleen showed ill-defined architecture, presence of large macrophages and lymphoid necrosis. Administration of captopril reduced hepatotoxicity, liver fibrosis and decrease in pathological scoring system. Moreover, reduced toxicity in spleen is represented by reduction in necrotic areas, more or less healthy lymphoid follicles and decreasing in pathological scoring system.     

卡托普利联合坎地沙坦对糖尿病肾病患者的疗效及对血浆ET、D-D、Hcy、ADM、FIB水平的影响

目的:研究卡托普利联合坎地沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效及对血浆内皮素(Endothelin,ET)、D-二聚体(D-Dimer,D-D)、同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,Hcy)、肾上腺髓质素(Adrenal medulla,ADM)、纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,FIB)的影响。方法:选择2016年1月至2017年8月在我院治疗的糖尿病肾病患者72例,根据不同的治疗方法分为观察组和对照组。对照组采用卡托普利治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联用坎地沙坦治疗,观察和比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,治疗前后ET、D-D、Hcy、ADM、FIB水平、肾功能及空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后2小时血糖浓度(2 hours Plas ma Glucose,2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hemoglobin A1c,HbA1C)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为88.89%,明显高于对照组69.44%(P0.05);观察组血浆ET、D-D、Hcy、ADM、FIB、FPG、2hPG、HbA1C水平、24 h尿总蛋白及尿白蛋白排泄率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:卡托普利联合坎地沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效明显优于单用卡托普利治疗,可助于降糖、降压并有效保护患者肾脏功能。     

卡托普利与坎地沙坦对老年糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的影响

目的:研究卡托普利联合坎地沙坦对糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的影响及临床疗效。方法:选择2014年5月-2015年5月我院收治的糖尿病肾病患者90例,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予卡托普利治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用坎地沙坦治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效以及治疗前后空腹血糖、血尿素氮、血肌酐、24 h尿蛋白等水平的变化情况。结果:观察组的治疗总有效率为93.3%,对照组的治疗总有效率为84.4%;观察组患者的临床疗效显著高于对照组,但差异并不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后的空腹血糖、血尿素氮、血肌酐及24 h尿蛋白水平均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的空腹血糖、血尿素氮、血肌酐和24 h尿蛋白值均显著均明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:卡托普利联合坎地沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病较单独采用卡托普利治疗能够更加有效的改善患者的临床症状,保护患者的肾功能,具有较好的临床疗效。