油茶籽饼抗真菌活性成分的研究

从油茶籽饼中已经分离得到一种新的抗真菌活性成分油茶皂甙A,被鉴定为齐墩果烷型的五环三萜皂甙,它的mp为258～260℃,[α]_D~(27)=-20°(C=1％,80％EtOH),体外试验研究表明油茶皂甙A有较强的抑制真菌作用,对红包毛癣菌、石膏样癣菌、断发癣菌、黄癣菌、紫色癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌的MIC为0.125～1.000mg/ml,对白色念珠菌的MIC为0.0625～0.2500mg/ml。     

Factors controlling somatic embryogenesis

Histological and ultrastructural, molecular and elemental distribution changes were investigated during the induction of direct somatic embryogenesis using theCamellia japonica leaf culture system. In this culture system, direct somatic embryogenesis is induced in a controlled way in a specific leaf region (leaf blade) within a leaf. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic leaf regions have characteristic energy-dispersive X-ray spectra already before induction. According to these results electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) can be a tool for early diagnosis of embryogenic competence. Histological studies showed that severe fluctuations in the number of calcium oxalate crystals and in starch accumulation occur after induction but only in induced tissues. Changes in the cell wall composition of competent cells occur shortly after the induction treatment. The induction of morphogenesis is linked to the appearance of callose covering the surface cells of induced leaves and calluses. A 2^nd deposition of material (cutin) is necessary for normal somatic embryogenesis to occur. The involvement of lipid transfer proteins in the appearance of cutin in the embryogenic regions of the explant is suggested.     

辣木叶乙醇提取物对非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠 模型血脂和氧化应激影响的研究

该研究以低剂量(5 mg·kg~(-1))、中剂量(30 mg·kg~(-1))和高剂量(60 mg·kg~(-1))的辣木叶乙醇提取物(EE-MO)干预高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)小鼠动物模型。结果表明:(1)高剂量的EE-MO显著降低NAFLD小鼠的体重和肝湿重; EE-MO剂量依赖性地降低NAFLD小鼠血清TC、TG、HDL-C和LDLC含量;高剂量的EE-MO除降低上述生化指标外,还显著降低血清中FFA含量。(2) HE和苏丹红Ⅲ染色发现,EE-MO处理后,模型组小鼠的肝脂肪病变和细胞损伤得到显著改善。(3) EE-MO对NAFLD小鼠模型的血脂代谢具有改善作用。(4)高脂饮食诱导小鼠肝脏和血清的ROS和MDA的含量,诱导SOD、POD和CAT活性增加,降低GSH-Px活性。(5)低剂量、中剂量和高剂量的EE-MO依赖性地降低NAFLD小鼠肝脏和血清的ROS和MDA的含量,缓解氧化胁迫。(6)低剂量的EE-MO对SOD、POD、CAT和GSH-Px酶活性无显著影响;中剂量和高剂量的EE-MO处理后,NAFLD小鼠的SOD、POD和CAT酶活性显著下降,GSH-Px活性显著增加; EE-MO可能通过GSH-Px抗氧化酶途径缓解NAFLD小鼠的氧化胁迫。     

茶树原位转化方法的建立

解决茶树缺乏高效、稳定的遗传转化体系问题,建立了一种基于根癌农杆菌介导的茶树原位转化转基因方法,为茶树基因功能研究和种质创新奠定坚实的基础。以茶树品种‘铁观音’、‘白叶1号’和‘龙井43’的实生幼苗为受体材料,进行去顶芽和腋芽处理。利用根癌农杆菌菌液侵染实生苗伤口,通过抗性筛选获得再生芽,经分子生物学鉴定后,采用短穗扦插法获得茶树转基因植株。结果表明,再生芽中GUS(β-glucuronidase)和HYG(hygromycin)标记基因经多次PCR检测均为阳性,经测序验证PCR产物序列与标记基因序列一致。‘铁观音’、‘白叶1号’和‘龙井43’的转化率分别为8.14%、2.99%和2.53%。建立了不依赖茶树组织培养的原位转化转基因体系,具有操作简便、转化率高、成本低、试验周期短的特点。     

山茶属山茶组植物的分类,分化和分布

山茶组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃａｍｅｌｉａ植物迄今已合格发表的名称有７２种,１亚种和７变种,其中Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｐａｒａｃａｍｅｌｉａ中的威宁短柱茶Ｃ．ｗｅｉｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃｏｒａｌｉｎａ中的连山离蕊茶Ｃ．ｌｉｅｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ应归属本组。经研究订正,确认该组共１２种和６变种,其余名称均作为相应种、变种和变型的同物异名,文中讨论了物种的形态变异与分化,分布与替代,自然杂交等问题。     

茶树CsMYB123转录因子的克隆及表达特性研究

该实验以茶树品种‘紫娟’为试验材料,利用RT-PCR方法,从茶树cDNA中克隆得到一个R2R3-MYB型基因(CsMYB123)。生物信息学分析显示,CsMYB123基因的开放阅读框为915bp,编码304个氨基酸,蛋白分子量约34.07kD,理论等电点为8.69,含有2个保守的MYB结构域,编码1个R2R3-MYB蛋白;CsMYB123蛋白与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)MYB转录因子家族第五亚组的AtMYB123亲缘关系最近;CsMYB123属于亲水性蛋白,无N端信号肽,可能定位于细胞核上。荧光定量PCR分析表明,CsMYB123基因在茶树各组织的表达量大小依次为:一芽一叶第二叶第三叶第四叶老茎嫩茎,且在一芽一叶中的表达量是嫩茎的15.68倍;但CsMYB123的表达受IAA、ABA、ETH和GA3的抑制。花青素含量检测显示,茶树‘紫娟’各组织中花青素的含量高低依次为:第二叶一芽一叶第三叶第四叶嫩茎老茎,且第二叶和一芽一叶的含量分别为老茎的15倍和11倍。研究发现,CsMYB123基因在茶树‘紫娟’的新稍中高水平表达,且其表达模式与不同组织中的花青素含量呈较好的正相关关系,推测CsMYB123基因与茶树花青素合成的调控相关。     

缙云山川鄂连蕊茶在不同群落类型中的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)对常绿阔叶林灌木层广布种川鄂连蕊茶(Camellia rosthorniana)在缙云山3个群落类型(毛竹林、针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林)中的遗传结构和DNA多样性进行了研究。10个引物共扩增出138个产物,其中115个是多态性的,多态位点比率为83．33％。Shannon指数估算的3个种群的遗传多样性为常绿阔叶林0．3345,毛竹林0．3148,针阔混交林0．3085,遗传分化为8．12％;Nei指数计算的3个种群的基因多样性为常绿阔叶林0．2095,毛竹林0．1981,针阔混交林0．1934,遗传分化为7．51％。种群间遗传距离在0．0177～0．0393之间。川鄂连蕊茶在3个群落中的种群大小和生长状况不同,各种群遗传多样性的高低可能是对所处群落生境的适应。     

Design and selection of trap color for capture of the tea leafhopper,Empoasca vitis,by orthogonal optimization

The tea leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a major pest of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae). In this study, the RGB color model was used to describe the colors of sticky traps. The most effective color for attraction of E. vitis was investigated by orthogonal optimization. The selected color was verified in tea gardens and the most effective height for positioning of color sticky traps for capturing tea leafhoppers was investigated. After the determination of the effect of the three color parameters and their interactions by orthogonal optimization, the color gold (RGB: 255, 215, 0) was selected as the most effective color to trap tea leafhoppers. In tea gardens, more leafhoppers were captured using gold sticky traps (RGB: 226, 204, 4) than using commercially available yellow sticky traps. The most effective height of gold sticky traps for trapping leafhoppers was 40–60 cm above the tea canopy. Few lady beetles were captured at this height. We conclude that the orthogonal optimization method is a convenient and efficient method to screen digitally generated colors for attracting and trapping of pests.