不同血液净化方式对慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常的疗效观察

目的:探讨2种不同血液净化方式对慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者低血钙、高血磷及高血清甲状旁腺激素的改善效果。方法:选择2011年9月到2014年9月在我院接收维持性血液透析(MHD)的患者64例,随机分为HDF组和HP-HD组各32例;HDF组采用血液透析滤过(HDF)治疗,HP-HD组采用血液灌流(HP)联合血液透析(HD)治疗;分别在治疗前及治疗后3周采血检测血钙、血磷和全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)。结果:治疗三周后,与治疗前相比较,两组患者血磷、iPTH显著下降,血钙显著上升,均有显著性差异(P0.05);HP-HD组患者血磷、iPTH下降较HDF组更为显著,均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:HDF和HP联合HD均能有效调节血钙、清除血磷和iPTH水平,但HP联合HD较HDF效果更佳。     

The bone and the kidney

Renal tubular diseases may present with osteopenia, osteoporosis or osteomalacia, as a result of significant derangements in body electrolytes. In case of insufficient synthesis of calcitriol, as in renal failure, the more complex picture of renal osteodystrophy may develop. Hypothetically, also disturbed renal production of BMP-7 and Klotho could cause bone disease. However, the acknowledgment that osteocytes are capable of producing FGF23, a phosphaturic hormone at the same time modulating renal synthesis of calcitriol, indicates that it is also bone that can influence renal function. Importantly, a feed-back mechanism exists between FGF23 and calcitriol synthesis, while Klotho, produced by the kidney, determines activity and selectivity of FGF23. Identification of human diseases linked to disturbed production of FGF23 and Klotho underlines the importance of this new bone-kidney axis. Kidney and bone communicate reciprocally to regulate the sophisticated machinery responsible for divalent ions homeostasis and for osseous or extraosseous mineralisation processes.     

慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢紊乱导致血管钙化的分子机制研究进展

慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢紊乱(CKD-MBD)所导致的血管钙化是增加CKD患者发生心血管事件的独立危险因素。钙磷平衡的破坏、氧化应激的增加、钙化抑制剂的丢失、RANKL表达的增加等均被认为与CKD患者血管钙化的发生有关。此外,受损的骨质能够进一步扰乱血清钙磷和甲状旁腺激素水平,从而促进CKD患者发生血管钙化。磷结合剂和双膦酸盐类药物是目前治疗CKD-MBD所致的血管钙化是治疗的常用方法,可以改善骨质疏松以及血管钙化。本文就近年来CKD-MBD血管钙化发生机制的研究进展进行了综述。