隐神经C类纤维传入诱发小脑皮层电反应

当弱刺激只引起隐神经A类纤维传入时,小脑皮层出现A-CEP,由潜伏期为11.8±3.5ms的早成分和312.1±17.5ms的晚成分组成;当强刺激同时引起A类和C类纤维传入时,出现AC-CEP类似A-CEP;用极化电流选择性阻断A类纤维传导后,只让C类纤维传入时,出现潜伏期为134.2±18.4ms的C-CEP。在Ⅵ小叶蚓部原裂附近C-CEP以正波为主,幅值最大,并在深层位相倒转。C-CEP的潜伏期较长,频率响应较低,幅值较小,随C类纤维传入量而变化,且对镇痛剂较敏感。结果表明C-CEP是由单纯C类纤维传入引起的,在小脑皮层内产生,是小脑皮层对慢痛信息传入的反应。提示C类纤维传入可以到达小脑皮层,引起诱发电位。当A和C类纤维同时传入时,C-CEP不出现,可能是被A类纤维传入所抑制。     

Mechanism of inhibitory action of capsaicin on particulate axoplasmic transport in sensory neurons in culture

The inhibitory effect of capsaicin on axoplasmic transport in cultured dorsal root ganglion cells was analyzed by video-enhanced contrast microscopy. Capsaicin inhibited particle transports in a dose-dependent manner, irrespective of the diameter of axons. The effect of capsaicin was reversible at low concentrations. Capsaicin affected both the anterograde and retrograde transport. Large organelles were more sensitive to capsaicin than small ones in the retrograde transport. An experiment using calcium-sensitive dye, Fura 2, indicated that capsaicin raised the intraneuronal free calcium concentration preceding the inhibition of the transport. Electron microscopy revealed that microtubules and neurofilaments are disorganized and disoriented by capsaicin. We reached a conclusion that capsaicin inhibits fast axoplasmic transport of both anterograde and retrograde directions in all types of somatosensory neurons in culture by disorganizing intraaxonal cytoskeletal structures, through the elevated intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

刺激隐神经中C类纤维诱发的小脑浦肯野细胞简单锋电位反应

用玻璃微电极记录了猫小脑浦肯野细胞的简单锋电位(PC-SS)。在标准化互协方差函数图中,PC-SS自发放电无明显波峰;弱刺激隐神经只引起A类纤维传入时,PC-SS出现A类诱发放电反应(A-CED),它包括潜伏期为16.7±0.9ms的早反应和270.8±12.8ms的晚反应。用极化电流选择性阻滞A类纤维传导后,强刺激只引起C类纤维单独传入时,出现潜伏期为142.4±4.3ms的C类诱发反应(C-CED)。强刺激同时引起A类和C类纤维传入时,只出现A-CED而不出现C-CED。按标准化功率谱密度函数分析,PC-SS自发放电可分为两种类型。一类为高峰型,最大能量峰值平均为15.7±4.7×10~(-3),峰频为4.07±1.67Hz;刺激A类纤维使峰值增大,而刺激C类纤维却使峰值减小。另一类为低峰型,峰值为8.4±1.4×10~(-3),峰频为3.67±2.90Hz。刺激A类和C类纤维均使峰值增大,前者增大更多,但峰频均无显著性变化。上述结果表明,C类纤维传入可以到达小脑浦肯野细胞,引起特异的PC-SS放电反应。     

刺激隐神经C类纤维诱发体感皮层电反应(平均诱发电位)

当猫的隐神经A类纤维单独兴奋时,可引起同侧脊髓背表面电位 A-SSP(潜伏期 2.6±0.4ms)和对侧体感皮层诱发电位 A-CEP。A-CEP由早成分(潜伏期 9.6±1 1ms)和晚成分(203.0±10.gms)组成。当 C类纤维选择性传入时,出现特异的 C-CEP(潜伏期 134.4±25.9ms)和C-SSP(115.8±15.6ms)。C-CEP的幅值较A-CEP 小,并随C类纤维传入的数量而改变。C-CEP的最大幅值位于后乙状回一定部位,多为负或正-负电位,在皮层深层其相位倒转。与A-CEP相比,C-CEP的中枢延搁时间较长,跟随频率较低,对镇痛药较敏感。表明C-CEP不同于A-CEP,它是由C类传入所引起的,是在体感皮层内产生的。当A类和C类纤维同时传入时,只有A-CEP和A-SSP出现,而不出现C-CEP和C-SSP。在阻断电流逐渐增强过程中,C-CEP较C-SSP后出现;而在撤销阻断过程中,则C-CEP较C-SSP先消失。提示C类传入在中枢可能被A类传入所抑制,这种抑制可以发生在脊髓和脊上水平,后者可能更强。     

电刺激尾核头部对隐神经A类和C类纤维传入诱发体感皮层电反应的影响

实验用猫,在氯醛糖麻醉、三碘季铵酚制动下,用方波电脉冲刺激隐神经,配合极化电流阻断技术分别引起隐神经Ａ和Ｃ类纤维兴奋,在对侧大脑皮层ＳⅠ区和ＳⅡ区记录平均诱发电位（分别同称为Ａ－ＳⅠＥＰ、Ａ－ＳⅡＥＰ、Ｃ－ＳⅠＥＰ、Ｃ－ＳⅡＥＰ）。用双极同心圆电极刺激尾核头部不同部位。实验结果表明,只有刺激同侧尾核头部内侧浅表部位,才对Ｃ－ＳⅠＥＰ,Ｃ－ＳⅡＥＰ,Ａ－ＳⅡＥＰ有抑制作用,提示尾核头部对大脑皮层不同躯体感觉代表区有不同的调制作用,对ＳⅠ区Ｃ类纤维传入信息有独特的抑制作用。     

γ—氨基丁酸在联合皮层抑制C类纤维皮层诱发电位效应中的作用

电刺激猫大脑皮层前外侧回联合区(ALA)对隐神经C类纤维传入引起的体感皮层(SI)诱发电位(C-CEP)有明显的抑制作用;侧脑室注射γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能使C-CEP的幅值显著变小,潜伏期延长,表明GABA对C-CEP也有抑制作用;侧脑室注射GABA受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹硷后,电刺激ALA对C-CEP的抑制作用明显减弱,提示内源性GABA的释放可能参与大脑皮层联合区对C-CEP的调制过程。     

乙酰胆碱在刺激SⅡ区影响C类纤维传入诱发的SI区电反应中的作用

电刺激猫大脑皮层体感Ⅱ区(SⅡ)对隐神经C类纤维传入引起的体感Ⅰ区(SⅠ)诱发电位(C—CEP)有抑制和易化作用。在SⅠ区局部用阿托品能部分地阻断电刺激SⅡ区对C—CEP的抑制作用,但对易化作用的影响不明显;而用六烃季铵(C_6)能阻断易化作用,但对抑制作用的影响却不明显。在SⅠ区局部应用0.01％乙酰胆碱(ACh)对C—CEP有易化作用,用0.1％ACh则有抑制作用。结果提示,ACh可能参与SⅡ区对SⅠ区C—CEP的影响,通过SⅠ区的胆碱能M受体起抑制作用,通过N受体起易化作用。     

Localization of unmyelinated axons in rat skin and mucocutaneous tissue utilizing the isolectin GS-I-B

The a-D-galactose specific isolectin I-B4 from Griffonia simplicifolia (GS-I-B4) labels CNS microglia and certain peripheral neurons, including a subpopulation of small dark, type B dorsal root ganglion cells, some post-ganglionic sympathetic axons, and nearly all peripheral gustatory axons. The innervation patterns of GS-I-B4 reactive sensory ganglion cells are unknown for many peripheral target tissues, including their probable primary target, the skin. The present study describes the distribution of GS-I-B4 reactive axons in hairy and glabrous hindpaw skin and in the glans penis of rats, using both single and double-labelling histochemical techniques. Neuronal processes were identified using (1) histochemistry with horseradish peroxidase conjugated GS-I-B4 or (2) immunohistochemistry against PGP 9.5 to identify all axons, and biotinylated lectin histochemistry with avidin-FITC to identify the subpopulation of GS-I-B4 reactive axons. GS-I-B4 strongly labelled unmyelinated cutaneous sensory afferents, as well as some sympathetic efferents and visceral afferents. Lectin reactive axons were seen to innervate the upper hair shaft epidermis in hairy skin, and were abundant in the shallow dermis in hairy and glabrous skin and glans penis. Lectin reactive axons were also abundant in the lamina propria and distal urethral epithelium of the penis. These results provide new evidence for the cutaneous sensory role of GS-I-B4 reactive primary afferents, as well as evidence to support the contention that the lectin is a specific marker for a subpopulation of unmyelinated axons and not simply a marker for the myelination state of an axon.     

痒觉信号通路与相关受体研究进展

痒是一种引起机体产生抓挠欲望的不愉快感觉．与疼痛一样,痒觉也是机体的一种自我防护反应,可以促使机体及时避免有害刺激,但持续较长时间的慢性痒往往是一种病理性特征,严重影响人的生活质量．目前已发现两条痒觉传导通路,组胺依赖的信号通路和组胺非依赖的信号通路．组胺、阿片类物质、大麻素、一些肽类物质及氯喹均可刺激相关受体诱导痒觉产生．痒觉产生的机制,有多种学说,比较有影响的是选择性学说和特异性学说．本文综述了近年来痒觉信号通路及其相关受体的研究进展．     

刺激大脑皮层体感Ⅱ区对C类纤维传入诱发体感Ⅰ区电反应的影响

电刺激猫大脑皮层体感Ⅱ区(SⅡ)隐神经投射点对隐神经C类纤维传入引起的体感Ⅰ区(SⅠ)诱发电位(C-CEP)有明显的抑制和易化两种影响。前者使C-CEP幅值降低、潜伏期延长;后者使C-CEP幅值升高、时程延长。抑制影响的持续时间较长,而易化持续时间则较短。弱刺激SⅡ区时,易化程度和出现机率较高;而强刺激时,则抑制程度和出现机率较高。弱刺激SⅡ区浅层时,有抑制和易化两种作用;而刺激深层时则只有抑制作用,同样强度刺激深层的抑制效应比刺激浅层大。提示SⅡ区可能对SⅠ区C-CEP有调制作用。