Acorn mass and seedling growth in Quercus rubra in response to elevated CO2

Abstract. In order to explore whether seed size affects plant response to elevated CO₂, plants grown from red oak (Quercus rubra L.) acorns were studied for differences in their first year response to CO₂ concentrations of 350 and 700 μl/l. Overall, at final harvest, total biomass of plants grown in elevated CO₂ were 47 % larger than that of plants grown in ambient CO₂. There were significant interactions between CO₂ treatments and initial acorn mass for total biomass, as well as for root, leaf, and stem biomass. Although total biomass increased with increasing initial acorn mass for both high and ambient CO₂ plants, high CO₂ plants exhibited a greater increase than ambient CO₂ plants, as indicated by a steeper slope in high CO₂ plants. However, CO₂ levels did not affect biomass partitioning traits, such as root/shoot ratio, leaf, stem, and root weight ratios, and leaf area ratio. These results suggest that variation in seed size or initial plant size can cause intraspecific variation in response to elevated CO₂.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对激光烧伤大兔皮肤愈合的影响分析

摘要 目的：探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对激光烧伤大兔皮肤愈合的影响分析。方法：通过热辐射仪激光灼烧对大兔耳朵进行烧伤处理,根据实验需求,将其随机分为三组：对照组,bFGF组,bFGF + DAPT组。通过ImageJ软件测量伤口面积和疤痕组织的厚度,并定期计算残余伤口面积率和疤痕指数。通过组织学分析大兔伤口愈合的新血管生成量。通过蛋白印迹分析Notch1、Jagged1和Hes1的蛋白表达。通过免疫荧光分析愈合后的皮肤中α-SMA,Col I和Col III的相对蛋白水平。结果：bFGF组较对照组的疤痕指数降低（P<0.05）,bFGF+DAPT组较bFGF组疤痕指数升高（P<0.05）。bFGF组较对照组的愈合面积增加（P<0.05）,bFGF + DAPT组较bFGF组愈合面积降低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,bFGF组的愈合时间明显缩短,较低的残余伤口面积和较低的疤痕指数（P<0.05）,而bFGF + DAPT组表现出明显的愈合延迟和较高的疤痕指数（P<0.05）。bFGF组较对照组的新血管生成量增加（P<0.05）,bFGF + DAPT组较bFGF组心血管生成量减少（P<0.05）。bFGF组较对照组的肉芽组织平均厚度增加,表皮间隙的闭合百分比升高（P<0.05）,bFGF + DAPT组较bFGF组肉芽组织平均厚度增加、表皮间隙的闭合百分比减少（P<0.05）。H＆E染色进行组织学分析发现,与对照组和bFGF + DAPT组相比,bFGF组出现明显的再上皮化和新血管形成,愈合效率较高（P<0.05）。bFGF组较对照组Notch1、Jagged1和Hes1的蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）,bFGF + DAPT组较bFGF组Notch1、Jagged1和Hes1的蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）。bFGF组较对照组?琢-SMA,Col I和Col III的蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）,bFGF + DAPT组较bFGF组表达升高（P<0.05）。结论：bFGF可以通过促进ESC的增殖并通过激活Notch1 / Jagged1途径抑制其向肌成纤维细胞（Myofibroblasts,MFB）的分化加快伤口愈合,减少疤痕形成。     

Applied tissue engineering in the closure of severe burns and chronic wounds using cultured human autologous keratinocytes in a natural fibrin matrix

Whereas in severe burns cultured human epithelial cells may well serve as a life saving method, the true value of tissue-engineered skin products in chronic wound care has yet to be clearly defined. Among other well-known clinical problems, the engraftment rate of commercially available multilayered "sheet grafts" has been shown to vary extremely. Adherence of transplanted cells to the wound bed--especially in the presence of potential wound contamination-- is one of the crucial aspects of this technique. Keratinocyte suspensions in a natural fibrin sealant matrix can potentially treat a variety of skin defects. In acute burn wounds, as well as in chronic wounds the clinical application of this type of tissue-engineered skin substitute demonstrates the capacity of cultured human autologous keratinocytes in a fibrin sealant matrix to adhere to wound beds, attach and spread over the wound resulting in reepithelialization of both acute and chronic wounds. In full thickness burns the combination of this new tool with allogenic dermis is a promising option to achieve complete dermal-epidermal reconstitution by means of tissue engineering and guided tissue repair. When transferring this technique into the treatment of chronic wounds we found an optimal preparation of such recipient wound beds to be crucial to the success. The additional application of continuous negative pressure (vacuum therapy) and preliminary chip skin grafting to optimally prepare the recipient site may be helpful tools to achieve such well-prepared and graftable surfaces. Prospective controlled comparative studies should be designed to further assess the clinical efficacy of this technique.     

In vitro reconstruction of full thickness human skin on a composite collagen material

Rapid progress of in vitro techniques in the lastyears enabled the creation of organotypic skin cultures offering newpossibilities in wound treatment. Rebuilding of graft is one of the keyelementsof successful outcome of the procedure.In search for the best scaffold for organotypic skin culture, the novelcomposite xenogenic collagen based material with unique properties has beencreated and used to reconstitute full thickness human skin invitro. Based on our long established technology used for theproduction of collagen dressings for the treatment of burns, this novel,composite material offers excellent growth support of highly biodegradablespongy layer, combined with mechanical strength of collagen membrane. Themodulation of collagen properties was accomplished by consecutive treatmentwithhigh temperature and gamma irradiation. The use of the substrate enabled toobtain organotypic culture that resembles full thickness skin with fibroblastslayer and well-developed multilayer epithelium. Our new material offers easyhandling of obtained graft during surgery along with accelerated cell growth andcontrolled biodegradation of the culture support.     

燕麦米汤对严重烧伤患者休克期肠道复苏的影响

目的：研究严重烧伤患者休克期经肠道给予燕麦米汤对肠道复苏的影响。方法：选取烧伤面积≥30%TBSA的患者42例,并随机分为：燕麦米汤组,伤后24h内开始经鼻肠管给予燕麦米汤;对照组,伤后24h内开始经鼻肠管给予50g/L葡萄糖盐水,连续4d,每组21例。在伤后1、2、3、4 d分别检测其血清二氨氧化酶（DAO）值及动脉血乳酸（LAC）含量,观察两组患者腹胀缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间等临床指标。结果：两组患者伤后血清二氨氧化酶及动脉血乳酸含量均呈下降趋势,燕麦米汤组血清二氨氧化酶在伤后2、3、4d显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）,而脉血乳酸含量在伤后2、3d显著低于对照组（P〈0.05或0.01）,治疗过程中燕麦米汤组其腹胀缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、排气时间、开始完全肠内营养时间、继发感染例数均优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：在严重烧伤休克期尽早鼻饲燕麦米汤能较好地促进肠道复苏。     

燕麦米汤对严重烧伤患者休克期肠道复苏的影响

目的:研究严重烧伤患者休克期经肠道给予燕麦米汤对肠道复苏的影响。方法:选取烧伤面积≥30%TBSA的患者42例,并随机分为:燕麦米汤组,伤后24h内开始经鼻肠管给予燕麦米汤;对照组,伤后24h内开始经鼻肠管给予50g/L葡萄糖盐水,连续4d,每组21例。在伤后1、2、3、4 d分别检测其血清二氨氧化酶(DAO)值及动脉血乳酸(LAC)含量,观察两组患者腹胀缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间等临床指标。结果:两组患者伤后血清二氨氧化酶及动脉血乳酸含量均呈下降趋势,燕麦米汤组血清二氨氧化酶在伤后2、3、4d显著低于对照组(P<0.01),而脉血乳酸含量在伤后2、3d显著低于对照组(P<0.05或0.01),治疗过程中燕麦米汤组其腹胀缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、排气时间、开始完全肠内营养时间、继发感染例数均优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:在严重烧伤休克期尽早鼻饲燕麦米汤能较好地促进肠道复苏。     

Differential proteomics analysis of serum exosomein burn patients

The exosome is an emerging concepts biomarkers due to their abnormal expression in various diseases. Research on exosome has already shifted from the laboratory to clinical application. This study uses bioinformatics technology to identify functional changes in proteins of serum exosomes from burn patients. A total of 231 quantifiable differentially-expressed proteins were screened out, 31 of them had statistically significant changes in expression levels. In the test group, expression of2 proteins had downregulated, whereas that of 29 proteins upregulated. Gene Ontology analysis demonstrates that differentially-expressed proteins were primarily identified in extracellular vesicles and platelet α granules, which can alter enzyme inhibitor activities, heparin-binding, coagulation, and lipid transport. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrates that ITGA2B and ITGB3 proteins, which were significantly upregulated in the burn group, were primarily involved in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Western blotting confirmed that the expressions of ITGA2B and ITGB3 in burn patient tissue samples were higher than those in the control group; conversely, the expression of CD9 was lower than that in the control group. In burn patients, the upregulated proteins ITGA2B and ITGB3 of serum exosomes likely participate in injury detection and repair via PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.     

“Systemic apoptotic response” after thermal burns

The systemic pathophysiologic changes following thermal injuries affect multiple organs and body systems leading to clinical manifestations including shock, intestinal alterations, respiratory and renal failure, immunosuppression and others. Recent advances in the comprehension of mechanisms underlying systemic complications of thermal injuries have contributed to uncover part of the cellular and molecular basis that underlie such changes. Recently, programmed cell death (apoptosis) has been considered playing an important role in the development of such pathological events. Therefore, investigators utilizing animal models and clinical studies involving human primates have produced a large body of information suggesting that apoptosis is associated with most of the tissue damages triggered by severe thermal injuries. In order to draw the attention on the important role of apoptosis on systemic complications of thermal injuries, in this review we describe most of these studies, discuss possible cellular and molecular mechanisms and indicate ways to utilize them for the development of therapeutic strategies by which apoptosis may be prevented or counteracted.     

Evaluation of Lyophilised, Gamma-Irradiated Amnion as a Biological Dressing

Burns, non-healing wounds and pressure sores cause extensive damage to the skin leading to infection and loss of precious body fluids. Despite advances in burn management the mortality rate continues to be high and the search for an economical and easily available dressing to control burn wound infection continues. Autologous skin has limited availability and is associated with additional scarring. Conventional dressings require frequent changes which can be painful and may even require anaesthesia.Amnion is an excellent biological dressing and its use in the treatment of burns has special appeal in India as there are religious barriers to the acceptance of bovine and porcine skin.Lyophilised, irradiated amnion provided for the first time in the country by the Tata Memorial Hospital Tissue Bank was evaluated as a temporary biological dressing. It was used to treat 35 patients with burns, 21 patients with bedsores and non-healing ulcers and the skin graft donor sites of 11 patients.The amnion was easy to handle and stuck well to the raw wound bed. An open dressing was used in most of the second degree burns which healed with hyperemia and early pigmentation. In patients with third degree burns, ulcers or skin graft donor sites, closed dressings were used. The exudate and induration were reduced and patients were more comfortable and experienced less pain. There was healthy granulation with good re-epithelialisation. Amnion was not used in patients with infected third degree burns.     

益生元对烧伤患者肠道菌群及肠黏膜通透性的影响

目的旨在探讨益生元对烧伤患者肠道菌群的调控以及对肠黏膜通透性的影响。方法随机选取2018年2月至2019年2月我院烧伤科患者60例为研究对象,分为试验组和对照组,各30例。对照组患者施以烧伤常规治疗,试验组在患者对照组基础上给予益生元治疗。两组患者在治疗1周后均提供烧伤患者多学科交叉护理。患者治疗1周和2周后,检测患者肠道菌群数量以及血浆中内毒素水平。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测患者治疗前和治疗1周后肠道通透性相关紧密连接蛋白Zo-1,Zo-2 mRNA的表达量。结果治疗1周后,试验组患者血浆内毒素水平[(12.11±1.32)ng/L]显著低于对照组[(15.32±1.82)ng/L],肠道内益生菌数量显著增加,Zo-1、Zo-2 mRNA水平显著降低(均P0.05)。两组患者在实施多学科交叉护理后肠道菌群数量进一步改善,血浆内毒素水平进一步降低[对照组为(14.01±1.29)ng/L,试验组为(8.27±1.63)ng/L](均P0.05)。结论益生元能帮助烧伤患者肠道菌群恢复平衡,减少血浆内毒素水平,适当的护理可进一步帮助患者康复。