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Natan Medeiros Maciel Carlos Alberto Schwartz Guarino Rinaldi Colli Mariana Souza Castro Wagner Fontes Elisabeth N. Ferroni Schwartz 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》2006
This research tested the utility of two classes of skin secretion compounds to the phylogeny of the Bufo crucifer group. Skin secretions from specimens of nine populations of B. crucifer group were obtained and submitted to qualitative analysis. We observed a clear difference in the composition of the skin secretion molecules obtained from the species of Bufo studied. Fifty-nine molecules, 16 indolealkylamines and 43 proteins, were used as characters, and 39 of these were parsimonious informative. The tree topology of the skin secretion combined data showed areas of congruence and conflict when compared to an mtDNA phylogeny of the B. crucifer group. We used the Templeton test to evaluate the heterogeneity between the skin secretion and mtDNA data. Although not recommended, we performed a combined analysis with the two partitions. The skin secretion characters from the species of Bufo studied have phylogenetic signal. These data are indicative, at least as a preliminary study, of the phylogenetic relationships among the B. crucifer group taxa. 相似文献
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Hugues-Alexandre Blain Luis Gibert Carles Ferrndez-Caadell 《Comptes Rendus Palevol》2010,9(8):487-497
For the first time unequivocal fossil remains of a green toad (Bufo viridis s.l.) are described in the Iberian Peninsula. The fossils come from the Cueva Victoria site, a late Early Pleistocene (ca. 1.1–1.2 Ma) karstic filling in semi-arid southeastern Spain (Murcia region). By extension, other remains from two other Early Pleistocene Spanish localities, Barranco León D (ca. 1.3 Ma) and Almenara-Casablanca 3 (ca. 1.1 Ma), are cautiously attributed to the group B. viridis. The B. viridis group was previously reported with some uncertainty to the west of its current distribution area in Western Europe (Spain and France) in the Pliocene (Bufo cf. viridis) and less probably in the Early Miocene (Bufo aff. viridis). Since no osteological differences have been established between the recently described extant species of B. viridis s.l. (e.g. Bufo balearicus, Bufo siculus, Bufo boulengeri, B. viridis sensu stricto and Bufo variabilis) no precise palaeobiogeographical relationships can be drawn for the Spanish fossils. However, the occurrence of a third species of bufonid toad during the Pleistocene in the South of the Iberian Peninsula raises some interesting ecological questions in relation to the local disappearance of the green toad, which can be hypothetically linked to the intensification of the Pleistocene glacial/interglacial climate dynamic or to probable competition with another toad, Bufo calamita. 相似文献
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新疆绿蟾蜍的染色体组型初步研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
近年来,有关两栖类的染色体组型已有不少报道。无尾两栖类中蜍蟾属(Bufo)的染色体数目分为两类:2n=22和2n=20(Blain,1972)。我们对采自新疆4个地区的绿蟾蜍进行了染色体组型分析,发现其二倍体细胞染色体数均为44,是四倍体。现将我们的初步研究报道如下。 相似文献
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Summary Sodium-calcium exchange has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the regulation of cytosolic free calcium (Ca
f
) by epithelial cells. Using isolated epithelial cells from the toad urinary bladder, Ca
f
has been measured using the intracellular Casensitive fluorescent dyes Fura 2 and Quin. 2. Dye loading did not alter cell viability as assessed by measurements of ATP and ADP content or cell oxygen consumption. When basal Ca
f
was examined over a wide range of cell dye content (from 0.04 to 180 nmol dye/mg protein) an inverse relationship was observed. At low dye content, Ca
f
was 300–380 nM and, as dye content was increased, Ca
f
progressively fell to 60 nM. Using low dye content cells, in which minimal alteration in Ca steady state would be expected, the role for plasma membrane Na–Ca exchange was examined using either medium sodium substitution or ouabain. While medium sodium substitution increased Ca
f
, prolonged treatment with ouabain had no effect on Ca
f
despite a clear increase in cell sodium content. The lack of effect of ouabain suggests that Na–Ca exchange-mediated Ca efflux plays a minimal role in the regulation of basal Ca
f
. However, exchange-mediated Ca efflux may play a role in Ca
f
regulation when cytosolic calcium is elevated. 相似文献
8.
Summary Neuron populations in the retina of the toad, Bufo marinus, were labelled with a monoclonal antibody raised against microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). A subpopulation of cones, probably corresponding to the blue-sensitive small single cones, large diameter amacrine cells in the most proximal row of the inner nuclear layer and some large ganglion cells in the ganglion cell layer were labelled. Double labelling experiments were carried out to establish the colocalisation of MAP2 with known putative transmitter substances of the anuran amacrine cells. MAP2 was colocalised in a subpopulation of serotonin-immunoreactive and in all tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive amacrine cells. The results indicate, that the MAP2 content in the neurons of the anuran retina can be correlated with other well-defined neurochemical and/or physiological properties.On leave from Department of Zoology, Attlia József University, Szeged, Hungary 相似文献
9.
Ronald A. Martin Steven P. Lynch Francis J. Schmitz Eva O. Pordesimo Steve Toth Rita Y. Horton 《Phytochemistry》1991,30(12):3935-3939
6′-O-(E-4-hydroxycinnamoyl) Desglucouzarin, the first cardenolide containing a cinnamoyl ester moiety, has been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the milkweed, Asclepias asperula. In addition, five known cardenolides were isolated and identified from A. asperula and A. viridis. 相似文献
10.
蟾蜍血液淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换及细胞周期动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文对中华大蟾蜍Bufo bufo gargarizans血液淋巴细胞在植物血球凝集素(PHA)刺激条件下的细胞周期动力学及丝裂霉素C(MMC)诱发姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)的敏感性进行了研究。用姐妹染色单体差别染色方法确定细胞的分裂次数。实验结果表明,中华大蟾蜍血液淋巴细胞在体外培养2天后出现第二次分裂细胞,3天后达峰值(占分裂细胞中期相的38.9%),此后,其百分比逐日下降,培养后4天出现第三次分裂细胞,第5天出现第四次分裂细胞。Brdu浓度在8—24μg/ml范围内对SCE本底无影响。6ng/ml MMC所诱发的SCEs比对照组高3倍以上,说明中华大蟾蜍对MMC的诱变作用相当敏感。 相似文献