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1.
G. Mattson E. Conklin S. Desai G. Nielander M. D. Savage S. Morgensen 《Molecular biology reports》1993,17(3):167-183
The various aspects of chemical crosslinking are addressed. Crosslinker reactivity, specificity, spacer arm length and solubility characteristics are detailed. Considerations for choosing one of these crosslinkers for a particular application are given as well as reaction conditions and practical tips for use of each category of crosslinkers.Abbreviations ABH
azidobenzoyl hydrazide
- ANB- NOS
N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide
- ASIB
1-(p-azidosalicylamido)-4-(iodoacetamido)butane
- ASBA
4-(p-azidosalicylamido)butylamine
- APDP
N-[4-(p-azidosalicylamido) butyl]-3(2-pyridyldithio)propionamide
- APG
p-azidophenyl glyoxal monohydrate
- BASED
bis-[-(4-azidosalicylamido)ethyl] disulfide
- BMH
bismaleimidohexane
- BS3
bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate
- BSOCOES
bis[2-(succinimidooxycarbonyloxy)ethyl]sulfone
- DCC
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- DFDNB
1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
- DMA
dimethyl adipimidate·2HCl
- DMP
dimethyl pimelimidate·2HCl
- DMS
dimethyl suberimidate·2HCl
- DPDPB
1,4-di-(3,2-pyridyldithio)propionamido butane
- DMF
dimethylformamide
- DMSO
dimethylsulfoxide
- DSG
disuccinimidyl glutarate
- DSP
dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate)
- DSS
disuccinimidyl suberate
- DST
disuccinimidyl tartarate
- DTSSP
3,3-dithiobis (sulfosuccinimidylpropionate)
- DTBP
dimethyl 3,3-dithiobispropionimidate·2HCl
- EDC or EDAC
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodimide hydrochloride
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, dihydrate
- EGS
ethylene glycolbis(succinimidylsuccinate)
- GMBS
N--maleimidobutyryloxysuccinimide ester
- HSAB
N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate
- HEPES
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- MBS
m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
- MES
4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid
- NHS
N-hydroxysuccinimide
- NHS-ASA
N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidosalicylic acid
- PMFS
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- PNP-DTP
p-nitrophenyl-2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate
- SAED
sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(7-azido-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetamide) ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate
- SADP
N-succinimdyl (4-azidophenyl)1,3-dithiopropionate
- SAND
sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(m-azido-o-nitrobenzamido)-ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate
- SANPAH
N-succinimidyl-6(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl-amino)hexanoate
- SASD
sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(p-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate
- SATA
N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate
- SDBP
N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-2,3-dibromopropionate
- SIAB
N-succinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate
- SMCC
succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
- SMPB
succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl) butyrate
- SMPT
4-succinimidyloxycarbonyl--methyl--(2-pyridyldithio)-toluene
- sulfo-BSOCOES
bis[2-sulfosuccinimidooxycarbonyloxy) ethyl]sulfone
- sulfo-DST
disulfosuccinimidyl tartarate
- sulfo-EGS
ethylene glycolbis(sulfosuccinimidylsuccinate)
- sulfo-GMBS
N--maleimidobutyryloxysulfosuccinimide ester
- sulfo-MBS
m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester
- sulfo-SADP
sulfosuccinimidyl(4-azidophenyldithio)propionate
- sulfo-SAMCA
sulfosuccinimidyl 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate
- sulfo-SANPAH
sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(4-azido-2-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate
- sulfo-SIAB
sulfosuccinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate
- sulfo-SMPB
sulfo-succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate
- sulfo-SMCC
sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
- SPDP
N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate 相似文献
2.
John M. Beale Jr James M. Hewitt John P. Rosazza 《Enzyme and microbial technology》1984,6(12):543-548
One hundred microorganisms have been screened for their abilities to selectively modify the structure of the sesquiterpene lactone known as quadrone. The only products obtained were those formed when the 4-ketone functional group was reduced to the stereoisometric 4-quadronols. Quadrone alcohol isomers of (S) or (R) absolute configurations were identified by proton and carbon n.m.r., and high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) was used to separate and quantitate these compounds in extracts of fermentations. Microorganisms were categorized according to their abilities to achieve Re- or Si-face carbonyl reduction to yield (S)- or (R)-alcohol isomers by h.p.l.c. Three groups of microorganisms were identified: those yielding only the (R)-alcohol isomer; those yielding only the (S)-alcohol isomer; and those providing mixtures of the two alcohol isomers. With quadrone as substrate, Mucor and Curvularia spp. may contain either Re- or Si-face reductases. The selection of microorganisms for their abilities to achieve enantiospecific reductions of ketones to alcohol products is discussed. 相似文献
3.
4.
(1) The effects of changes in the intramitochondrial volume, benzyl alcohol treatment and calcium-induced mitochondrial aging on the behaviour of liver mitochondria from control and glucagon-treated rats are reported. (2) The stimulatory effects of glucagon on mitochondrial respiration, pyruvate metabolism and citrulline synthesis could be mimicked by hypo-osmotic treatment of control mitochondria and reversed by calcium-induced aging of mitochondria or by treatment with 20 mM benzyl alcohol. Hypo-osmotic treatment increased the matrix volume whilst aging but not benzyl alcohol decreased this parameter. (3) Liver mitochondria from glucagon and adrenaline-treated rats were shown to be less susceptible to damage by exposure to calcium than control mitochondria and frequently showed slightly (15%) elevated intramitochondrial volumes. (4) Aging, benzyl alcohol and hypo-osmotic media increased the susceptibility of mitochondria to damage caused by exposure to calcium. (5) Glucagon-treated mitochondria were less leaky to adenine nucleotides than control mitochondria. (6) These results suggest that glucagon may exert its action on a wide variety of mitochondrial parameters through a change in the disposition of the inner mitochondrial membrane, possibly by stabilisation against endogenous phospholipase A2 activity. This effect may be mimicked by an increase in the matrix volume or reversed by calcium-dependent mitochondrial aging. 相似文献
5.
Strictly anaerobic bacteria were enriched and isolated from freshwater sediment sources in the presence and absence of sulfate with sorbic acid as sole source of carbon and energy. Strain WoSo1, a Gram-negative vibrioid sulfate-reducing bacterium which was assigned to the species Desulfoarculus (formerly Desulfovibrio) baarsii oxidized sorbic acid completely to CO2 with concomitant stoichiometric reduction of sulfate to sulfide. This strain also oxidized a wide variety of fatty acids and other organic compounds. A Gram-negative rod-shaped fermenting bacterium, strain AmSo1, fermented sorbic acid stoichiometrically to about equal amounts of acetate and butyrate. At concentrations higher than 10 mM, sorbic acid fermentation led to the production of pentanone-2 and isopentanone-2 (3-methyl-2-butanone) as byproducts. Strain AmSo1 fermented also crotonate and 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetate and butyrate, and hexoses to acetate, ethanol, hydrogen, and formate. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 41.8±1.0 mol%. Sorbic acid at concentrations higher than 5 mM inhibited growth of this strain while strain WoSo1 tolerated sorbic acid up to 10 mM concentration. 相似文献
6.
7.
Sperm whale apomyoglobin was reconstituted with selectively deuterated D6-2,4-diacetyldeuterohemin in which the 2H label was confined to the methyl groups of the acetyl moieties. A single resonance was observed in 2H NMR of the cyanoferrimyoglobin derivative, with a chemical shift 0.80 ppm downfield of external D12-TMS at pH 6.7. The corresponding chemical shift of D6-2,4-diacetyldeuterohemin-OMe as the cyanide complex in pyridine-water was 0.96 ppm downfield of external D12-TMS. The prominent HOD peak was well separated at 4.4 ppm downfield. The line width of the porphyrin 2H resonances in both the protein and free solvent environments yields evidence of considerable rotational freedom of the -CD3 groups about their axes. 相似文献
8.
9.
Raveendra Melavanki Kalpana Sharma Basappa Chanabasapa Yallur Raviraj Kusanur Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni Diksha Singh Smita Mane Kariyappa Katagi Shridhar V. Pattar 《Luminescence》2021,36(1):163-168
Continuous monitoring of glucose and sugar sensing plays a vital role in diabetes control. The drawbacks of the present enzyme‐based sugar sensors have encouraged the investigation into alternate approaches to design new sensors. The popularity of fluorescence sensors is due to their ability to bind reversibly to compounds containing diol. In this study we investigated the binding ability of phenyl boronic acid P1 for monosaccharides and disaccharides (sugars) in aqueous medium at physiological pH 7.4 using steady‐state fluorescence and absorbance. P1 fluorescence was quenched due to formation of esters with sugars. Absorbance and fluorescence measurements led to results that indicated that the sugars studied could be ordered in terms of their affinity to P1, as stated: sucrose > lactose > galactose > xylose > ribose > arabinose. In each case, the slope of modified Stern–Volmer plots was nearly 1, indicating the presence of only a single binding site in boronic acids for sugars. Docking studies were carried out using Schrodinger Maestro v.11.2 software. The binding affinity of phenyl boronic acid P1 with periplasmic protein (PDB ID 2IPM and 2IPL) was estimated using GlideScore. 相似文献
10.
Hideaki Tagashira Chen Zhang Ying-mei Lu Hideyuki Hasegawa Hiroshi Kanai Feng Han Kohji Fukunaga 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2013