Effect of fertilizers on Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution of two cosmos species (Cosmos sulphureus and Cosmos bipinnata)

Addition of fertilizer amendments is regarded as an ideal approach to enhancing phytoextraction. However, there is little information available on the influence of common fertilizers on Cd accumulation of two newly reported Cd accumulators, Cosmos sulphureus and Cosmos bipinnata (C. sulphureus and C. bipinnata). The effects of N (CO(NH₂)₂), NP (CO(NH₂)₂ + Ca(H₂PO₄)₂), and NPK (CO(NH₂)₂ + Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ + KCl) fertilizers on Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution of C. sulphureus and C. bipinnata were studied in a 70-d pot experiment. The results showed that Cd uptake of C. sulphureus and C. bipinnata with NPK fertilizer was significantly higher than control, N, and NP fertilizers, especially 3.8- and 4.7-fold higher than control (p < 0.05). Compared with C. bipinnata, C. sulphureus achieved higher biomass and Cd uptake in aboveground parts under fertilizer treatments, especially NPK fertilizer. The Cd subcellular distribution revealed that segregation of Cd to Cd-rich granules (MRG) might play an important role in Cd detoxification in both species. C. sulphureus is more likely than C. bipinnata to separate the Cd in MRG and reduce the partition in the heat-denatured protein fraction, especially with NPK fertilizer. Therefore, C. sulphureus combined with NPK fertilizers could be an effective method to remediate Cd-polluted farmland soils in China.     

鬼针草黄酮类化学成分及其抗脂质过氧化作用的研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法对鬼针草乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行化学成分研究,并利用IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS等光谱技术鉴定其化学结构.从鬼针草中分离得到了6个黄酮类化合物,经鉴定分别为:5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄酮(1)、山奈酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(2),槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(3)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4),5,7,3‘,4‘-四羟基-3-甲氧基黄酮(5)和β-谷甾醇(6).这些化合物均为首次从该植物中分得.另外,针对分离得到的化合物进行测定小鼠血清MDA水平,SOD和GSH-Px活性,研究发现化合物2,3,4和5具有较强的抗脂质过氧化作用.     

婆婆针的化学成分

婆婆针（ＢｉｄｅｎｓｂｉｐｉｎｎａｔａＬｉｎｎ）是具有清热解毒功能的民间药用植物,从婆婆针的地上部分分离鉴定了３个苯丙素甙类化合物,４－Ｏ－（６″－Ｏ－对香豆酰基－β－吡喃葡萄糖）－对－香豆酸（１）,４－Ｏ－（２″－Ｏ－乙酰基－６″－Ｏ－对－香豆酰基－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖）－对－香豆酸（２）及４－Ｏ－（２″,４″－Ｏ－二乙酰基－６″－Ｏ－对－香豆酰基－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖）－对－香豆酸（３）,其中（３     

黄山栾树体细胞胚的发生和组织学观察

黄山栾树无菌苗的节间和叶柄离体培养后,其体细胞胚发生的结果表明：节间愈伤组织可诱导产生体细胞胚,而叶柄愈伤组织则生根：节间愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS＋3．0mg．L～2,4．D＋0．5～3．0mg．L-1NAA;节间胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS＋2．0nag．L-2,4-D;胚性愈伤组织转移到无植物生长调节剂的MS培养基上可发育成正常植株。组织学观察表明,体细胞胚在胚性愈伤组织中有的发生于愈伤组织表层细胞,有的发生在愈伤组织内部。黄山栾树体细胞胚的形成经历球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚和子叶胚几个阶段,这与合子胚的发育途径相似。     

云贵高原及横断山区莲座蕨科植物地理分布

依据云南大学植物标本馆蕨类植物标本室(PYU)和国内主要标本馆保存的莲座蕨科植物标本,以及多年来积累的研究资料,建立该科植物在云南的产地GIS数据库。以此为基础,分析云南莲座蕨科植物空间分布的多样性和特有性,及其在云贵高原及横断山区的地理分布特征。研究结果如下：① 云南莲座蕨科植物种类丰富,分布海拔范围为100~2400m;② 滇东南是莲座蕨科植物分布的多样性和特有性中心,其多样性由滇东南向西、北方向递减;③ 云南有莲座蕨科2个属分布,即莲座蕨属(Angiopteris)和原始莲座蕨属(Archangiopteris),其中原始莲座蕨属的物种多样性较低而特有性较高。初步分析了该科植物中5个广布种和1个高山峡谷种分布格局的成因,以及5个特有种的发生史,推断广布种的分布格局形成于第四纪冰期之前,高山峡谷种的分布格局形成于第三纪之后,而特有种的主要成因可能是自然杂交和边缘效应。     

二回原始观音座莲蕨光合作用的生理生态学研究

利用 CO2 光合测定仪分析了引种栽培的二回原始观音座莲叶片的光合补偿点和光合饱和点及其日变化 ,通过控制叶室的光合有效辐射、CO2 浓度、温度和相对湿度 ,分析了叶片的羧化效率和 CO2 补偿点 ,并进行光合有效辐射 ,温度或相对湿度对光合速率的单因子影响研究。二回原始观音座莲的二回羽状复叶上午、中午和下午的光合补偿点分别为 6 .1、6 .4和 3.1μmol/m2 s,光合饱和点分别为 2 50、50 0和 2 50 μm ol/m2 s。最适光合有效辐射为 10 0～ 50 0μmol/m2 s。叶片的羧化效率为 0 .0 191,CO2 补偿点为 59.1μmol/m ol。光合速率在叶温 2 2～ 2 8°C范围内 ,随温度升高上升 ;2 8～ 33°C随温度升高下降 ,最适温度为 2 4～ 30°C。相对湿度 30 %～85%的试验范围内 ,叶片光合速率随湿度增加而增大 ,最适相对湿度条件在 75%以上。     

Phospholipid fatty acid composition of gorgonians of the genus Pseudopterogorgia: Identification of tetracosapolyenoic acids

The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the Caribbean gorgonians Pseudopterogorgia acerosa (Pallas), Pseudopterogorgia americana (Gmelin), Pseudopterogorgia bipinnata (Verrill) and Pseudopterogorgia rigida (Bielschowsky) is described for the first time. The main phospholipids identified were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine. All four gorgonians presented a similar phospholipid fatty acid composition. The main fatty acids were 16:0, 18:3(n-6), 18:4(n-3), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3), 24:5(n-6) and 24:6(n-3). In all of the studied Pseudopterogorgia gorgonians, high amounts of the tetracosapolyenoic fatty acids 24:5(n-6) and 24:6(n-3) were identified. In the four gorgonians studied, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids predominated. These results suggest that the occurrence of tetracosapolyenoic fatty acids in the Gorgoniidae is more general than previously recognized.