郑州春秋时代墓葬中的寄生虫

本文是对郑州金水庙李和新郑梨河晨辉两处东周墓地部分墓葬腹土中寄生虫的研究。在两处墓地墓葬腹土中, 成功提取到了5个墓葬中的34粒蛔虫卵, 包括18粒受精卵和16粒未受精卵。研究表明, 郑州地区早在春秋时期就有蛔虫病感染和流行, 同时也反映了当时普通居民生活的自然环境和社会环境状况。此外, 通过本次研究在前人的基础上成功地改进了实验方法和技术, 减少了实验过程对寄生虫卵的损坏, 改进后的实验方法对我国墓葬腹土寄生虫考古研究具有一定的参考价值和推动作用。     

Critical analysis of coprolite evidence of medicinal plant use, Piauí, Brazil

Human coprolites, dating from 8500 to 7000 years BP, were collected from the rock-shelter of Boqueirão da Pedra Furada, in Piauí, Brazil. These dates fall within the “Serra Talhada” cultural traditions I and II of the Tradição Nordeste, a paleohuman culture of northeastern Brazil. Archaeoparasitological analysis of the coprolites revealed whipworm eggs and hookworm eggs. Analysis of Tradição Nordeste skeletons and hair shows a variety of diseases including dental problems, osteoarthritis, and head louse infestation. Palynological analysis of the coprolites revealed 12 genera that were potentially medicinal. The pollen data were critically analyzed to assess the potentiality that the pollen represented medicinal use. Strong cases could be made that three of the genera, Anacardium, Borreria, and Terminalia, were actually used for medicinal purposes, probably to treat symptoms caused by the intestinal parasites.