中国园蛛科2新种（蛛形纲：蜘蛛目）

报道我国园蛛科2新种:阿克苏园蛛Araneus aksuensis,皇冠扇蛛Zilla crown-ia。     

不同体重肩斑银鳞蛛和大腹园蛛圆网的结构特征

对在自然条件下不同体重肩斑银鳞蛛Leucauge blanda和大腹园蛛Araneus ventricosus所织圆网的结构特征进行测量研究.结果表明:体重小于35.1 mg的肩斑银鳞蛛所织圆网的捕丝长度、捕食面面积、捕丝间距和半径丝根数均与个体体重呈显著正相关,而体重大于35.1 mg的个体中,这种关系并不显著,但其圆网的上、下部捕丝长度比与体重呈显著负相关,即圆网随个体的体重增加而表现出更强的不对称性;体重小于144.9 mg的大腹园蛛所织圆网的捕丝长度和捕食面面积均与个体体重呈显著正相关,体重小于103.8 mg的大腹园蛛所织圆网的半径丝根数与个体体重呈显著正相关,而大于这一体重分界值的个体中,这种关系同样不显著.大腹园蛛圆网的平均捕丝间距与体重未呈现出相关关系,体重大于85.4 mg的个体中,其网的上、下部捕丝长度比与体重呈显著负相关.两种蜘蛛圆网结构特征的变化及圆网结构特征与个体体重关系变化的不同体重分界值,可能反映了它们在不同生境下不同生长阶段的捕食投入与捕食策略.     

太行山区园蛛科1新种及1雄性新发现(蛛形纲:蜘蛛目)

记述采自太行山区园蛛科的2种蜘蛛,其中有1新种:赵氏园蛛 Araneus zhaoi sp. nov. 另1种菱斑芒果蛛 Mangora rhombopicta Yin et al., 1990的雄蛛系为首次发现     

中国园蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：园蛛科）

记述了园蛛属1新种,潜山园蛛Araneus qianshan sp.nov.。     

中国园蛛2雄蛛（蜘蛛目：园蛛科）

首次记述２种中国园蛛－类高居金蛛ＡｒｇｉｏｐｅａｅｈｅｒｏｉｄｅｓＹｉｎｅｔ．ａｌ．１９８９和双隆园蛛ＡｒａｎｅｕｓｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｓＹｉｎｅｔａｌ．１９８９的雄蛛。     

Immunoreactivity of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Isoforms in the Central Nervous System of the Barn Spider,Araneus cavaticus

The γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has long been considered as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of both vertebrates and arthropods. Since the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has a restricted tissue distribution and catalyzes the conversion of L‐glutamate to GABA, immunoreactivity of GAD isoforms can reveal distribution of GABAergic neurons in the CNS. In the CNS of the spider Araneus cavaticus, immunoreactivity of GAD isoforms can be detected in the optic lobes including neurons and neuropiles of the supraesophageal ganglia. Strong GAD‐like immunoreactive cell bodies are concentrated in two bilaterally symmetric cell clusters of the protocerebrum. Some intrinsic cell bodies near the central body also show strong immunoreactivity. However, the intrinsic nerve masses and some of the longitudinal and transverse tracts within the supraesophageal ganglion are only lightly labelled, and the fibers transverse the hemisphere and the central fibrous masses are not labelled. Among the three basic types of cell bodies surrounding the central body, several clusters of the Type‐C cells show strong GAD‐like immunoreactivity, however both of the Type‐A and Type‐B cells are not labelled at all.     

Asymmetry in Orb-Webs: An Adaptation to Web Building Costs?

Orb-web spiders build vertically asymmetric webs, in which the lower part is larger than the upper part. One hypothesis explaining this asymmetry suggests that the spider’s mass imposes higher building costs in the upper part of the web, causing the spider to reduce this part of the web. We tested this hypothesis by assessing building costs of different parts of the web. We found that the specific time-cost of building (i.e. the time required to build a certain length of silk) differed between the two parts of the web and that the difference in time-costs influenced web asymmetry. Contrary to predictions, however, building costs were larger in the lower part of the web, suggesting that additional factors affect the spider’s decisions while building the web, which are likely to be prey-capture considerations.     

大腹园蛛(Araneus ventricosus)粗毒双向电泳及质谱分析

以大腹园蛛粗毒为材料,用固相pH梯度等电聚焦IPG(immobilized pH gradient)和SDS-PAGE(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)获得蛋白质组双向电泳图谱,经Bio-Rad公司的PDQUEST软件进行图像分析,检测到500个左右的蛋白质点．对其图谱的部分蛋白质点酶解后使用Micromass公司的ESI-Q-TOF进行了鉴定．得到了质量较好的MS／MS数据．然后将其在MS-Fit中的genepeptide数据库和Mascot的Swissprot中进行搜索从而对蛋白质点进行鉴定．目前初步获得5个组分的鉴定结果．     

大腹圆蛛Fosmid文库的构建及MaSp基因筛选方法的探讨

介绍了构建大腹圆蛛Fosmid基因组文库及牵引丝蛋白(MaSp)基因克隆筛选的全过程.采用改良CTAB法提取大片段基因组DNA,通过自主构建的电洗脱核酸回收装置分离回收30～40kbDNA片段,经补平磷酸化、与pCC2FOS载体连接、体外包装和转染EPI300TM-T1R,首次构建了无偏向性的大腹圆蛛Fosmid文库,其滴度为4.5×105cfu/mL,覆盖基因组倍数为10.以α-32P标记寡核苷酸探针对文库进行初步筛选,获得含MaSp基因的12个阳性克隆.该文库符合Fosmid文库的品质要求,为进一步筛选并研究大腹圆蛛MaSp基因序列奠定了基础.     

A derivative of the orb web and its evolutionary significance

Abstract

This paper describes a new kind of ladder-web structure in which there are two ladders, one above and one below a centrally positioned orb. It differs from previously described ladder-webs, not only because of the two ladders but also because of its 24 h (or more) duration, its vertical placement against the trunks of trees, and the fact that it apparently offers the spider protection against parasitism. Both the spider (Araneus atrihastulus) and its ladder-web are ideally adapted to the tree-trunk: the web with regard to its position, shape, and lack of visibility; and the spider in respect of its coloration, daytime posture, and proximity to the snare. It is concluded that the design of this web offers a number of advantages which evidently enhance the spider's survival and increase its capture potential over and above that of the simple orb.