多层螺旋CT在诊断小儿急性阑尾炎中的应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT对小儿急性阑尾炎的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析经临床手术病理证实的53例小儿急性阑尾炎的CT表现特点。所有患儿均行多排CT横断面扫描及MPVR重建。结果:53例中,单纯性阑尾炎2例;急性化脓性阑尾炎伴周围炎4例,其中1例合并紫癜;急性化脓性阑尾炎伴穿孔33例,其中1例合并回肠末端美克尔憩室;坏疽性阑尾炎伴穿孔6例;阑尾脓肿8例。CT平扫以及MPVR重建显示阑尾肿大、增粗(直径大于6mm)30例,阑尾内粪石27例,阑尾周围蜂窝织炎23例,阑尾周围脓肿8例,大量腹水6例。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描及重建技术能为小儿阑尾炎的诊断提供有力依据,提高临床术前诊断能力。     

阑尾炎术后医院感染危险因素分析

目的探讨阑尾炎术后医院感染情况及其主要危险因素。方法对普外科和肝胆外科在2005年1月1日至2007年1月1日之间的386例阑尾炎患者进行回顾性调查分析。结果被研究的病例中有28例发生院感（院感率为7.25%）,急性单纯性阑尾炎197例有3例发生院感,院感率为1.50%,化脓性阑尾炎189例中有25例发生医院感染,感染率为13.23%。发生院感的病例中,切口感染有12例,占42.85%,其余为上呼吸道感染（1例）、皮肤与软组织感染（1例）、其他感染（14例）。结论两种阑尾炎的院感率差异有显著性。引起阑尾炎院感的危险因素是抗生素使用时间过久和种类过多。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗不同类型阑尾炎患者的临床效果对比

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗不同类型阑尾炎患者的临床效果。方法:从我院2013年3月~2015年9月收治的各种类型的阑尾炎患者中随机抽取106例进行研究,随机分为对照组(53例,行开腹手术)和观察组(53例,行腹腔镜手术),对比两组手术基本指标、疗效及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:(1)观察组的总有效率为94.34%,明显高于对照组的60.38%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。(2)观察组手术时间、住院时间及术中出血量均明显少于对照组,住院费用显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)对照组总并发症发生率为16.98%,明显高于观察组的3.77%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术治疗不同类型阑尾炎患者的临床效果更加显著,具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快、安全性高的特点,但住院费用较高,需要根据患者的实际情况和意愿选择合适的手术方式。     

微波理疗对阑尾炎术后切口康复效果及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨微波理疗对阑尾炎患者术后切口康复效果及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2017年8月到2018年12月期间在秦皇岛市第一医院进行阑尾炎手术治疗的患者120例,按数表法将患者随机分为对照组(n=60)和研究组(n=60)。对照组患者术后接受常规换药治疗,研究组患者术后给予微波理疗。比较两组患者的术后恢复指标[肠鸣音恢复时间、切口愈合时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间、视觉模拟评分(VAS)]、并发症发生情况[切口感染、切口脂肪液化、腹胀、切口疼痛]以及生活质量。结果:研究组患者的肠鸣音恢复时间、切口愈合时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间分别为(18.19±3.57)h、(7.12±1.03)d、(21.42±3.54)h、(12.17±4.03)d,均短于对照组的(21.36±4.26)h、(8.09±1.36)d、(23.19±4.63)h、(14.39±4.62)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组的VAS评分为(3.56±1.05)分,低于对照组的(4.78±1.24)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者的切口感染、切口脂肪液化、腹胀、切口疼痛等并发症发生率为3.33%、8.33%、10.00%、16.67%,均低于对照组的16.67%、28.33%、23.33%、36.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者的肠道症状、全身症状、情感功能的得分以及总分为(48.31±5.03)分、(46.39±4.87)分、(49.33±4.42)分、(187.97±12.21)分,均高于对照组的(44.15±4.26)分、(42.17±5.02)分、(45.02±3.94)分、(174.02±10.32)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者的社会功能得分比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:微波理疗可有效促进阑尾炎患者术后康复,减轻患者术后疼痛程度,降低术后并发症的发生率,并可有效改善患者术后的生活质量。     

Morphological evolution of the mammalian cecum and cecal appendix

The evolutionary pressures leading to the appearance of the cecal appendix, its evolutionary relationships with the cecum, and the link between these gastrointestinal characters and ecology remain controversial. We collected data on appendix presence and size, other gastrointestinal characters, ecological variables, dietary habits, and social characters hypothesized to drive appendix evolution for 533 mammalian species. Using phylogeny-informed analyses, we identified the first evidence of a positive correlation between appendix presence and cecal apex thickness, and a correlation with cecal morphology, suggesting that the appendix and cecum may be evolving as a module, the cecoappendicular complex. A correlation between appendix presence and concentration of cecal lymphoid tissue supports the hypothesis of an adaptive immune function for this complex. Other new findings include an inverse correlation between relative cecum length and habitat breadth, and positive relationships between cecum length and mean group size, and between colon length and weaning age.     

阑尾炎患者术后创口细菌感染特征及耐药性分析

目的探究急性阑尾炎患者术后切口细菌感染的细菌谱及药物敏感情况。方法选择2015年1月至2019年1月于我院行阑尾切除术后切口感染的66例患者作为研究对象,分析其伤口分泌物细菌培养结果和病原菌药敏情况。结果送检的66例标本中共有59例检出细菌,共分离病原菌15种,66株;其中有7例标本为两种细菌混合感染。检出的细菌中,革兰阳性菌39株,革兰阴性菌27株,其中革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、溶血葡萄球菌为主;革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主。药敏试验显示,主要革兰阳性菌对头孢唑林、头孢拉定的敏感性较低,而对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、美罗培南、亚胺培南以及利奈唑胺均具有较高的敏感性。主要革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、头孢唑林、头孢拉定以及头孢噻肟均不敏感,对头孢他啶、美罗培南、亚胺培南的敏感率大于50.00%,具有较高的敏感性。结论对于阑尾炎术后切口感染的患者,应加强无菌操作和病房环境清洁,在药敏试验结果明确前,建议使用头孢他啶或相对应的第三代头孢菌素进行抗感染治疗。     

On the Comparison of Two Observed Frequencies

A significance measure essentially due to Liebermeister and dating back to 1877 may be preferable to Fisher's Exact Test, a conservative but commonly applied test when the sample sizes are small. We show that Liebermeister's measure is less conservative than Fisher's P‐value and just as easy to calculate, while retaining the important features of a significance measure. We also compare Liebermeister's measure with Lancaster's mid‐P, which has gained increasing acceptance as a replacement for Fisher's P‐value. Application is made to a recent striking medical study on appendicitis symptoms for which the Fisher test does not give significance.     

Appendectomy and the subsequent risk of cancer: A prospective population-based cohort study with long follow-up

BackgroundThe appendix, an organ of immunological and microbiological importance, could be involved in the pathogenesis of cancers, but results are inconclusive. Our objective was to assess the association between appendectomy and the subsequent risk of cancer.MethodsData were obtained from the Rotterdam Study; a long-term prospective population-based study of individuals aged 55 years and older, of which the first cohort started in 1990 and included 7983 participants. Information on appendectomy was obtained through either medical interview at baseline or linkage with the national automated pathology center (PALGA). Cancer cases were pathology based. End of follow-up was January 1st, 2015. The association between appendectomy and risk of cancer was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for known confounders.ResultsOf 7135 included participants, 1373 (19.2%) had undergone an appendectomy and 1632 individuals developed cancer. After adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, smoking, prevalent diabetes mellitus and alcohol intake, a history of appendectomy was associated with a significantly lower risk of cancer [hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-0.98]. Subgroup analyses showed similar results for gastrointestinal cancer (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56-0.99), in particular colon cancer (HR 0.65, 95% 0.43-0.97), and cancer of the female reproductive organs (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.80).ConclusionParticipants who underwent an appendectomy had a reduced risk of cancer in general after adjustment for potential confounders. Therefore, these results contradict earlier studies suggestive of an increased risk. Further research is necessary to replicate these results and reveal its underlying mechanism.     

腹腔镜微创技术联合频谱照射治疗小儿阑尾炎的疗效及对血清slCAM-1、PCT水平的影响

目的:研究腹腔镜微创技术联合频谱照射治疗小儿阑尾炎的疗效及对血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子1(Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,slCAM-1)、降钙素(Calcitonin,PCT)水平的影响。方法:选取2016年2月～2018年2月我院收治的87例小儿阑尾炎患者。按照简单随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=45),对照组采用传统手术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜微创技术联合频谱照射治疗。观察和比较两组治疗后手术指标(手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间),肠功能恢复情况(肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、首次排便时间),治疗前后血清slCAM-1、PCT水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间显著低于对照组[(47.82±8.33)min vs (56.97±10.46)min,(46.97±9.75)mL vs (90.72±13.86)mL,(7.02±2.41)d vs(11.84±3.58)d](P0.05);肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、首次排便时间显著低于对照组[(19.38±4.32)h vs (25.82±6.18)h,(16.98±4.59)h vs (36.83±7.29)h,(32.02±5.82)h vs (40.17±7.60)h](P0.05);血清slCAM-1、PCT水平显著低于对照组[(180.27±23.75)ng/L vs (197.06±27.30)ng/L (0.92±0.20)ng/L vs (3.87±1.03)ng/L](P0.05);不良反应总发生率显著低于对照组[7.14%(3/42) vs 22.22%(10/45)](P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜微创技术联合频谱照射治疗小儿阑尾炎疗效显著,可改善微循环,促进肠功能恢复,降低血清slCAM-1、PCT水平,并发症少,有利于术后恢复。     

阑尾残株炎9例的临床观察

目的：总结阑尾残株炎的病因、诊断方法、预防和治疗措施,为临床提供更多的参考依据。方法：回顾性分析我院2011年1月～2013年1月收治的9例阑尾残株炎患者的临床资料,并查阅相关文献,总结阑尾残株炎的病因和诊疗方法等。结果：阑尾残端过长（〉1cm）是导致阑尾残株炎发生的主要原因。结合血常规、钡剂灌肠透视、CT、彩超等检查,必要时行腹腔镜探查可确诊阑尾残株炎。及时行手术切除阑尾残株是阑尾残株炎主要治疗方法。本组5例患者行传统开腹阑尾残端切除术（残端双重结扎,保留残端0．2～0．3cm）,2例行腹腔镜阑尾残端切除术（钛夹夹闭阑尾残端,保留阑尾残端0．2～0．3cm）,2例行部分盲肠切除术,回盲部留置引流管。2例患者出现切口感染,9例患者均痊愈。结论：预防阑尾残株炎的主要措施是是尽量完善阑尾切除手术。对已行阑尾切除术的患者再次出现右下腹部疼痛时等类似阑尾炎症状时,临床医生应考虑阑尾残株炎的可能,进一步行钡剂灌肠透视检查及腹部超声等辅助检查,必要时行腹腔镜腹腔探查以确诊,并应根据患者具体情况及时行手术切除阑尾残株。